Skip to main content

Table 1 General characteristics among participants with and without CVD

From: Novel associations between sex hormones and diabetic vascular complications in men and postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

 

Men

Postmenopausal women

Without CVD

With CVD

Without CVD

With CVD

N

1375

772

1455

954

Demographic parameter

 Age, years

65.99 ± 8.77

70.19 ± 7.94*

66.24 ± 7.43

69.78 ± 7.61*

 Duration of diabetes, years

9.6 ± 7.68

11.2 ± 8.05*

9.22 ± 7.64

11.66 ± 8.52*

 HbA1c, %

7.56 ± 1.41

7.62 ± 1.41

7.38 ± 1.37

7.45 ± 1.3

 BMI, kg/m2

24.84 ± 3.41

25.28 ± 3.14*

24.61 ± 3.82

25.28 ± 3.72*

 Smoking, %

39.7

29.3*

2.6

2.2

 Hypertension, %

73.5

86.3*

75.5

87.2*

 Dyslipidemia, %

59.9

70.5*

57.6

65.8*

Sex hormone level

 TT, nmol/L

15 ± 5.86

14.5 ± 6

0.59 ± 0.43

0.65 ± 0.64*

 E2, pmol/L

114 (89.62, 138.9)

121.15 (95.47, 144.4)*

29.38 (9.18, 50.15)

31.67 (9.18, 53.21)

 DHEA, pg/mL

202.39 ± 103.71

167.88 ± 89.1*

132.98 ± 67.91

124.76 ± 67.77*

 FSH, IU/L

12 ± 9.94

13.53 ± 12.42*

55.28 ± 23.02

55.84 ± 24.35

 LH, IU/L

8.27 ± 5.03

8.99 ± 6.43*

26.05 ± 11.42

26.38 ± 12.62

Carotid artery ultrasound

 CCA plaque, %

63.5

77.3*

42

52.7*

 CCA diameter, mm

7.77 ± 0.88

7.92 ± 0.88*

7.48 ± 0.79

7.68 ± 0.78*

 cIMT, mm

0.87 ± 0.15

0.89 ± 0.15*

0.81 ± 0.13

0.84 ± 0.14*

  1. Normally distributed variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, non-normal variables are expressed as median (P25, P75) and categorical variables are expressed as percentage (%). The Student’s t test was used to compare the continuous variables of the normal distribution, the Mann–Whitney U test was used for the comparison of the non-normal distribution continuous variables, and the Pearson χ2 test was used for the comparison between the categorical variables
  2. * P < 0.05, compared with those without CVD