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Table 1 Population baseline characteristics

From: Subclinical atherosclerosis burden predicts cardiovascular events in individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

 

CKD without diabetes

N = 1747

CKD with diabetes

N = 698

p-value

Gender, male

1047 (59.9%)

461 (66.0%)

0.006

CKD stage

  

< 0.001

 CKD-3

662 (37.9%)

288 (41.3%)

 

 CKD-4/5

551 (31.5%)

256 (36.7%)

 

 RTT

534 (30.6%)

154 (22.1%)

 

Age [years]

59.0 [48.0;67.0]

65.0 [56.0;70.0]

< 0.001

Current smoker

967 (55.4%)

404 (57.9%)

0.275

Hypertension

1554 (89.0%)

673 (96.4%)

< 0.001

25-OH vitamin D [ng/ml]

15.4 [11.4;19.6]

13.8 [10.4;18.5]

< 0.001

eGFR [ml/min per 1.73 m2]

31.6 [20.9;44.3]

31.7 [21.5;44.2]

0.812

Glucose [mg/dl]

92.0 [85.0;101]

133 [108;164]

< 0.001

Total cholesterol [mg/dl]

177 [153;205]

171 [143;197]

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol [mg/dl]

48.0 [39.0;59.0]

44.0 [36.0;53.9]

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol [mg/dl]

103 [82.0;123]

92.0 [71.4;113]

< 0.001

non-HDL cholesterol [mg/dl]

128 [105;153]

122 [100;148]

0.011

Triglycerides [mg/dl]

118 [89.0;162]

147 [103;205]

< 0.001

hsCRP [mg/dl]

1.86 [0.90;4.17]

2.58 [1.16;5.84]

< 0.001

Antidiabetic treatment

  

< 0.001

 Diet

–

166 (23.8%)

 

 Oral hypoglycemic drugs

–

164 (23.5%)

 

 Insulin treatment

–

368 (52.7%)

 

HbA1c [g/dl]

5.40 [5.10;5.70]

6.80 [6.10;7.80]

< 0.001

Albumin/creatinine ratio mg/g

89.1 [11.2;384]

149 [18.6;601]

0.001

Pulse pressure [mmHg]

56.0 [47.0;69.0]

68.0 [54.0;81.0]

< 0.001

Antihypertensive treatment

1506 (86.2%)

650 (93.1%)

< 0.001

Lipid-lowering drugs

975 (55.8%)

465 (66.6%)

< 0.001

Number of plaques

1.00 [0.00;3.00]

3.00 [1.00;5.00]

< 0.001

Presence of any plaque

1138 (65.1%)

570 (81.7%)

< 0.001

Presence of carotid plaques

901 (51.6%)

502 (71.9%)

< 0.001

Carotid plaque [only]

291 (16.7%)

165 (23.6%)

< 0.001

Presence of femoral plaques

847 (48.5%)

405 (58.0%)

< 0.001

Femoral plaque [only]

237 (13.6%)

68 (9.74%)

0.012

> 2 territories with plaque

853 (48.8%)

465 (66.6%)

< 0.001

Carotid and femoral plaques

610 (34.9%)

337 (48.3%)

< 0.001

Follow-up time [months]

48.4 [27.1;52.0]

48.3 [25.7;52.0]

0.675

  1. CKD chronic kidney disease, RRT renal replacement therapy, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate determined by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study formula (MDRD-4), HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein