Table 1 Baseline characteristics and risk factors of 1065 patient
From: Carotid ultrasound investigation as a prognostic tool for patients with diabetes mellitus
Variable | Combined model | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carotid stenosis < 50% and non-diabetic n = 486 | Carotid stenosis ≥ 50% and non-diabetic n = 247 | Carotid stenosis < 50% and diabetes n = 205 | Carotid stenosis ≥ 50% and diabetes n = 127 | ||
Age (years) | 66.9 (59.0–75.3) | 71.9 (64.1–77.5) | 68.6 (61.2–75.0) | 70.9 (63.5–77.7) | < 0.01 |
Male (binary) | 290 (59.7) | 158 (64.0) | 138 (67.3) | 82 (64.6) | 0.25 |
History of PAD (binary) | 155 (31.9) | 116 (47.0) | 108 (52.7) | 77 (60.6) | < 0.01 |
History of MI (binary) | 90 (18.5) | 48 (19.4) | 62 (30.2) | 57 (44.9) | < 0.01 |
History of Stroke (binary) | 68 (14.0) | 51 (20.6) | 24 (11.7) | 33 (26.0) | < 0.01 |
Art. Hypertension (binary) | 291 (59.9) | 177 (71.7) | 158 (77.1) | 105 (82.7) | < 0.01 |
Current Smoker (binary) | 124 (25.5) | 72 (29.1) | 48 (23.4) | 43 (33.9) | 0.14 |
Family history of atherosclerosis (binary) | 252 (51.9) | 152 (61.5) | 105 (51.2) | 81 (63.8) | 0.01 |
BMI (ratio) | 25.6 (23.7–28.1) | 26.2 (23.7–28.3) | 27.7 (30.5–24.7) | 26.8 (24.2–29.6) | < 0.01 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (5.4–6) | 5.9 (5.6–6.1) | 7.1 (6.6–7.9) | 7.1 (6.6–7.8) | < 0.01 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 207 (178–243) | 208 (181–237) | 194 (169–221) | 202 (170–223) | 0.01 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 139 (99–201) | 147 (109–205) | 154 (111–235) | 165 (115–237) | < 0.01 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 53 (43–63) | 50 (42–60) | 45 (39–55) | 46 (38–54) | < 0.01 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 122 (95–151) | 122 (97–146) | 109 (87–137) | 115 (92–138) | < 0.01 |
hs-CRP (mg/dl) | 0.25 (0.11–0.58) | 0.29 (0.13–0.68) | 0.33 (0.19–0.66) | 0.35 (0.15–0.79) | < 0.01 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.02 (0.92–1.18) | 1.07 (0.96–1.21) | 1.08 (0.95–2.18) | 1.13 (0.97–1.30) | 0.02 |
Statins (binary) | 247 (50.8) | 161 (65.2) | 126 (61.5) | 86 (67.7) | < 0.01 |
Insulin therapy ± Oral antidiabetics (binary) | – | – | 47 (22.9) | 27 (21.3) | 0.53* |
Oral antidiabetics (binary) | – | – | 101 (49.3) | 65 (51.2) | 0.13* |