Table 1 Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical and food consumption characteristics of patients in secondary care for cardiovascular diseases according to TyG index tertiles

TyG index

8.3 ± 0.3^a

8.9 ± 0.1^b

9.7 ± 0.5^c

Male, sex [%]

468 [34.5]

424 [31.2]

466 [34.3]

Age (years)

63.7 ± 8.8^a

63.4 ± 8.8^a

62.4 ± 9.2^b

BMI (kg/m²)

27.5 ± 4.6^a

29.4 ± 5.0^b

30.3 ± 4.9^c

Waist circumference (cm)

95.9 ± 11.9^a

100.2 ± 11.9^b

103.2 ± 11.6^c

Waist-to-height ratio

0.6 ± 0.1^a

0.6 ± 0.1^b

0.6 ± 0.1^c

VAI

1.4 ± 0.7^a

2.5 ± 0.9^b

5.1 ± 4.3^c

SBP (mmHg)

129.0 ± 19.7^a

131.8 ± 19.4^b

131.4 ± 19.4^b

DBP (mmHg)

77.9 ± 12.5^a

79.5 ± 12.4^b

80.4 ± 12.6^b

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

155.1 ± 39.0^a

170.3 ± 43.3^b

185.3 ± 49.4^c

HDL-C (mg/dl)

47.2 ± 14.3^a

43.0 ± 11.3^b

39.9 ± 9.8^c

LDL-C (mg/dl)

89.3 ± 33.8^a

98.6 ± 38.8^b

97.5 ± 42.5^b

LDL-C/HDL-C ratio

2.0 ± 0.9^a

2.4 ± 0.9^b

2.6 ± 1.2^b

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

89.9 ± 21.7^a

145.0 ± 32.2^b

258.2 ± 154.2^c

Glycemia (mg/dl)

95.8 ± 15.6^a

108.0 ± 24.5^b

151.7 ± 67.6^c

Smoking [%]

475 [33.2]

453 [31.7]

501 [35.1]

Sedentary [%]

479 [32.2]^a

493 [33.1]^a

516 [34.7]^b

Dyslipidemic [%]

571 [31.4]^a

589 [32.3]^a

661 [36.3]^b

Diabetics [%]

231 [22.5]^a

291 [28.4]^b

504 [49.1]^c

Hypertensive [%]

676 [32.1]^a

709 [33.7]^b

719 [34.2]^b

Use of hypoglycemic agents [%]

205 [21.3]^a

280 [29.1]^b

476 [49.5]^c

Use of lipid-lowing agents [%]

660 [32.9]

679 [33.8]

669 [33.3]

Family history of CAD [%]

489 [62.9]

510 [65.8]

517 [67.1]

Calories (Kcal)

1437.5 ± 526.0

1401.2 ± 497.1

1429.3 ± 566.4

Carbohydrates (g)

189.1 ± 39.1^a

188.5 ± 35.6^a

183.8 ± 39.1^b

Proteins (g)

70.5 ± 22.6

69.60 ± 20.6

71.5 ± 22.5

Lipids (g)

43.6 ± 12.9^a

44.7 ± 11.9^ab

45.7 ± 12.8^b