Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Demographics

 Age (year)

55 ± 11

55 ± 9

Sex (no. (%))

 Male

8 (36%)

11 (44%)

 Female

14 (64%)

14 (56%)

Diabetes duration (years)

19 ± 10

17 ± 10

Concomitant drug use

 Metformin (no. (%))

22 (100%)

23 (92%)

 Metformin dose (g/day)

1.8 ± 0.7

1.7 ± 0.6

 Sulfonylurea (no. (%))

3 (14%)

5 (20%)

 Insulin (no. (%))

17 (77%)

19 (76%)

 Insulin dose (units/day)

77 ± 34

67 ± 30

 Lipid-lowering drugs (statin and/or other), no. (%)

17 (77%)

20 (80%)

Clinical parameters

 Body weight (kg)

81.9 ± 11.0

77.8 ± 12.4

 BMI (kg/m²)

30.4 ± 3.8

28.6 ± 4.0

 Waist circumference (cm)

104 ± 8

98 ± 10

 Hip circumference (cm)

104 ± 7

104 ± 9

 Waist-hip ratio

1.00 ± 0.07

0.95 ± 0.09

 Lean body mass (kg)

51.6 ± 10.6

48.9 ± 11.2

 Lean body mass (%)

62.8 ± 8.4

63.1 ± 9.8

Metabolic factors

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

65 ± 10

70 ± 12

 HbA1c (%)

8.1 ± 0.9

8.6 ± 1.1

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.95 ± 0.65

4.46 ± 1.10

 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.24 ± 0.33

1.21 ± 0.30

 LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.00 ± 0.65

2.21 ± 0.97

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.55 ± 0.86

2.08 ± 1.80

Adipose tissue compartments

 Subcutaneous AT (cm²)

315 ± 97

326 ± 141

 Visceral AT (cm²)

187 ± 57

149 ± 49

 Epicardial AT (cm²)

10 ± 3

9 ± 3

 Paracardial AT (cm²)

12 ± 4

9 ± 4

 Hepatic TGC (%)

6.9 ± 6.3

11.8 ± 10.9

 Myocardial TGC (%)

0.9 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.6