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Table 1 Baseline characteristic, biochemical assessment and medication in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with poor and good collateralization

From: Lipoprotein (a) interactions with cholesterol-containing lipids on angiographic coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion

 

Overall

Diabetes

Non-diabetes

Poor collateralization

(n = 505)

Good collateralization

(n = 779)

P value

Poor collateralization

(n = 323)

Good collateralization

(n = 383)

P value

Poor collateralization

(n = 182)

Good collateralization

(n = 396)

P value

Female, n (%)

137 (27.1)

120 (15.4)

< 0.001

97 (30.0)

75 (19.6)

0.001

40 (22.0)

45 (11.4)

0.001

Age

66.7 ± 10.2

62.6 ± 10.4

< 0.001

66.9 ± 10.4

63.4 ± 10.3

< 0.001

66.2 ± 10.0

61.8 ± 10.4

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

25.2 ± 3.1

25.3 ± 3.2

0.330

25.2 ± 3.0

25.5 ± 3.3

0.358

25.0 ± 3.1

25.2 ± 3.1

0.483

Hypertension, n (%)

313 (62.0)

562 (72.1)

< 0.001

202 (62.5)

285 (74.4)

0.001

111 (61.0)

277 (69.9)

0.033

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

323 (64.0)

383 (49.2)

< 0.001

323 (100.0)

383 (100.0)

–

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

137 (27.1)

110 (14.1)

< 0.001

101 (31.3)

76 (19.8)

< 0.001

36 (19.8)

34 (8.6)

< 0.001

Smoking, n (%)

214 (42.4)

238 (30.6)

< 0.001

137 (42.4)

116 (30.3)

0.001

77 (42.3)

122 (30.8)

0.007

Prior MI, n (%)

150 (29.7)

187 (24.0)

0.023

91 (28.2)

87 (22.7)

0.096

59 (32.4)

100 (25.3)

0.073

Severity of CAD, n (%)

  

0.801

  

0.439

  

0.384

 1-vessel

88 (17.4)

139 (17.8)

0.848

46 (14.2)

65 (17.0)

0.321

42 (23.1)

74 (18.7)

0.221

 2-vessel

152 (30.1)

221 (28.4)

0.505

94 (29.1)

98 (25.6)

0.296

58 (31.9)

123 (31.1)

0.846

 3-vessel

265 (52.5)

419 (53.8)

0.645

183 (56.7)

220 (57.4)

0.834

82 (45.1)

199 (50.3)

0.246

 Multi-vessel

417 (82.6)

640 (82.2)

0.848

277 (85.6)

318 (83.0)

0.321

140 (76.9)

322 (81.3)

0.221

SBP, mmHg

136.8 ± 22.3

138.1 ± 20.6

0.283

137.6 ± 22.5

140.2 ± 19.8

0.107

135.5 ± 22.0

136.2 ± 21.1

0.699

DBP, mmHg

78.0 ± 12.9

82.3 ± 12.4

< 0.001

78.2 ± 13.2

83.2 ± 12.4

< 0.001

77.7 ± 12.2

81.6 ± 12.3

< 0.001

FBG, mmol/L

6.09 ± 2.38

5.83 ± 2.02

0.044

6.69 ± 2.74

6.61 ± 2.54

0.693

5.03 ± 0.76

5.08 ± 0.81

0.477

HbA1c, %

6.62 ± 1.27

6.46 ± 1.35

0.027

7.07 ± 1.37

7.09 ± 1.58

0.899

5.83 ± 0.36

5.85 ± 0.66

0.697

Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.74 ± 0.94

1.76 ± 1.11

0.786

1.86 ± 1.06

1.83 ± 1.18

0.715

1.52 ± 0.61

1.69 ± 1.04

0.053

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.00 ± 1.02

4.64 ± 1.08

< 0.001

5.10 ± 1.00

4.77 ± 1.12

< 0.001

4.82 ± 1.03

4.51 ± 1.02

0.001

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.22 ± 0.81

2.94 ± 0.83

< 0.001

3.27 ± 0.79

3.01 ± 0.88

< 0.001

3.11 ± 0.84

2.87 ± 0.77

0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

0.98 ± 0.24

1.01 ± 0.25

0.098

0.98 ± 0.25

0.99 ± 0.24

0.304

0.99 ± 0.24

1.02 ± 0.26

0.314

Non-HDL-C, mmol/L

4.02 ± 1.04

3.64 ± 1.08

< 0.001

4.12 ± 1.02

3.78 ± 1.11

< 0.001

3.82 ± 1.04

3.50 ± 1.03

< 0.001

Lp(a), mg/dL

23.82 (12.42–44.10)

16.87 (9.28–32.2)

< 0.001

23.76 (12.97–43.48)

16.87 (9.30–31.72)

< 0.001

24.09 (12.42–45.17)

16.78 (8.56–32.34)

0.001

BUN, mmol/L

5.8 ± 1.9

5.8 ± 2.0

0.730

6.0 ± 2.0

5.9 ± 2.0

0.558

5.6 ± 1.8

5.7 ± 2.0

0.465

Serum creatinine, μmol/L

88 ± 25

84 ± 29

0.007

90 ± 28

84 ± 30

0.003

86 ± 18

85 ± 28

0.723

Uric acid, μmol/L

342 ± 85

340 ± 90

0.707

340 ± 87

330 ± 89

0.129

344 ± 81

349 ± 90

< 0.001

GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

75.4 ± 17.7

83.7 ± 19.4

< 0.001

74.1 ± 18.6

83.2 ± 19.5

< 0.001

77.7 ± 15.9

84.2 ± 19.3

0.530

hsCRP, mmol/L

4.28 (1.61–7.68)

2.72 (1.12–4.85)

< 0.001

4.52 (1.74–7.89)

2.86 (1.32–5.07)

< 0.001

3.20 (1.43–6.90)

2.50 (0.86–4.51)

< 0.001

LVEF, %

57.4 ± 8.4

61 ± 8.2

< 0.001

57.0 ± 8.4

60.6 ± 7.5

< 0.001

58.1 ± 8.3

61.4 ± 8.7

< 0.001

Medication, n (%)

 Antiplatelet

374 (74.1)

552 (70.9)

0.212

236 (73.1)

274 (71.5)

0.652

138 (75.8)

278 (70.2)

0.162

 ACE inhibitors/ ARBs

312 (61.8)

476 (61.1)

0.807

194 (60.1)

235 (61.4)

0.725

118 (64.8)

241 (60.9)

0.360

 β-blockers

244 (48.3)

379 (48.7)

0.907

152 (47.1)

171 (44.6)

0.522

92 (50.5)

208 (52.5)

0.659

 CCBs

152 (30.1)

208 (26.7)

0.185

101 (68.7)

107 (27.9)

0.333

51 (28.0)

101 (25.5)

0.591

 Diuretics

61 (12.1)

81 (10.4)

0.348

39 (12.1)

42 (11.0)

0.645

22 (12.1)

39 (9.8)

0.416

 Nitrates

270 (53.5)

427 (54.8)

0.636

182 (56.3)

230 (60.1)

0.320

88 (48.4)

197 (49.7)

0.755

 Statins

324 (64.2)

515 (66.1)

0.473

188 (58.2)

226 (59.0)

0.829

136 (74.7)

289 (73.0)

0.659

  1. Data are mean ± SD or number (%)
  2. ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CAD coronary artery disease, CCB calcium channel blocker, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, GFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hsCRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Lp(a) lipoprotein a, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MI myocardial infarction, SBP systolic blood pressure