Impact of acute hyperglycemia on layer-specific left ventricular strain in asymptomatic diabetic patients: an analysis based on two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

Table 3 Echocardiographic parameters in diabetic patients with acute hyperglycemia (Group A) at baseline (upon hospital admission), second (after euglycaemia was achieved, 72 h) and third examination (after 3 months), in diabetic patients with euglycemia (Group B) and in healthy controls (Group C)

	Group A			p value*	Group B	Group C	p value**
	Upon hospital admission	First examination	Second examination	p value*	Group B	Group C	p value**
IVS, cm	0.94 ± 0.01^a	0.97 ± 0.01	0.98 ± 0.01	0.521	0.96 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.04	0.681
LVEDV, ml	81.9 ± 3.1	85.6 ± 3.0	85.8 ± 3.0	0.165	78.8 ± 5.0	80.9 ± 4.6	0.877
LVESV, ml	33.1 ± 1.6	33.7 ± 1.5	33.9 ± 1.6	0.828	31.5 ± 2.5	29.8 ± 2.0	0.561
LVEF, %	62.8 ± 0.6	63.4 ± 0.4	63.2 ± 0.4	0.507	63.6 ± 0.8	65.1 ± 0.4	0.075
LAVI, mL/m²	17.3 ± 0.5	17.6 ± 0.6	17.9 ± 0.4	0.604	17.2 ± 0.9	16.9 ± 1.0	0.343
E, m/s	0.7 ± 0	0.7 ± 0	0.7 ± 0	0.501	0.6 ± 0	0.8 ± 0	0.001
A, m/s	0.6 ± 0	0.6 ± 0	0.6 ± 0	0.115	0.6 ± 0	0.6 ± 0	0.290
E/A ratio	1.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	0.815	1.0 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.1	0.002
E/E′	6.1 ± 0.2	6.0 ± 0.2	6.0 ± 0.2	0.861	5.4 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.4	0.139
DT, ms	223.9 ± 5.7	208.8 ± 4.8	206.9 ± 4.8	0.001	219.7 ± 6.9	214.9 ± 7.3	0.683

IVS interventricular septum, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LAVI left atrial volume index, E early wave, A atrial wave, E′ early diastolic mitral annulus velocity, DT deceleration time
* p—Repeated measures ANOVA: upon hospital admission, second examination (after euglycemia was achieved, 72 h) and third examination (after 3 months)
** p—One way ANOVA between Group A (upon hospital admission), Group B and Group C. Post Hoc Bonferroni test between the groups is described in the text
^aData are presented as mean ± SE