Skip to main content

Table 4 Factors associated with adverse CV events in a univariate Cox regression analysis

From: Duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus and systolic blood pressure as determinants of severity of coronary stenosis and adverse events in an asymptomatic diabetic population: PROCEED study

Variable

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p value

Age (per 10 years)

2.45 (1.37–4.37)

0.003

Male sex

3.50 (1.01–12.1)

0.05

BMI (per 5 kg/m2)

0.83 (0.55–1.27)

0.40

Waist-to-hip ratio (per unit increase)

2.04 (1.06–3.92)

0.03

Ethnicity

 

0.31

 South Asian

1

 

 Caucasian

1.64 (0.63–4.26)

 

 African

0.45 (0.06–3.52)

 

Duration of T2DM (per 5 years)

1.36 (1.05–1.75)

0.02

Microvascular disease (Yes/no)

1.14 (0.45–2.88)

0.78

Retinopathy (Yes/no)

0.84 (0.32–2.25)

0.74

Hyperlipidaemia (Yes/no)

0.53 (0.20–1.40)

0.20

Hypertension (Yes/no)

1.21 (0.40–3.66)

0.74

Current smoker (Yes/no)

0.67 (0.09–5.03)

0.70

Statin use (Yes/no)

0.57 (0.23–1.48)

0.25

Family history of premature ischaemic heart disease (Yes/no)

0.75 (0.22–2.59)

0.65

SBP (per 10 mm Hg)

1.43 (1.11–1.84)

0.006

HbA1c (per 10 mmol/mol)

1.10 (0.86–1.41)

0.44

eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2)

0.82 (0.63–1.08)

0.17

CAC score(per log10 AU)

3.17 (1.60–6.29)

0.001

Total cholesterol (per 10 mmol/L)

0.90 (0.53–1.51)

0.69

LDL-C (per 10 mmol/L)

1.06 (0.63–1.81)

0.82

HDL-C (per 10 mmol/L)

0.47 (0.12–1.77)

0.26

Triglycerides (per 10 mmol/L)

1.03 (0.69–1.54)

0.89

Total cholesterol: HDL-C ratio

1.33 (0.91–1.95)

0.13

Antidiabetic medication

  

Metformin

0.76 (0.09–5.88)

0.76

 Sulphonylurea

0.96 (0.29–3.18)

0.94

 Thiazolidinedione

22.74 (0.002–245,100)

0.51

 GLP-1 agonists

1.835 (0.24–14.21)

0.56

 DPP-4 inhibitors

2.67 (0.35–20.71)

0.35

 Insulin

1.30 (0.50–3.36)

0.58

ACEis/ARB (Yes/no)

0.6 (0.19–1.86)

0.38

Plaque variablesa

 Number of plaques

1.28 (1.13–1.45)

< 0.001

 Presence of 50% plaque

8.09 (1.80–36.91)

0.007

 Number of 50% plaques

1.32 (1.18–1.46)

< 0.001

  1. Italics indicate a statistically significant association between the predictor variable and adverse CV events
  2. ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AU, Agatston Units; BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
  3. aAnalysis excludes the 20 patients with CAC score > 1000 who did not undergo CTCA
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840