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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the PROCEED study population
| Overall population, (n = 259) | Subgroup with CTCA data, (n = 238) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years (SD) | 62.0 (8.5) | 61.6 (8.6) |
| Sex, male (%) | 151 (59) | 133 (56) |
| BMI, median kg/m2 (IQR) | 28.4 (25.3, 32.5) | 28.6 (25.5, 32.6) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| African | 34 (13) | 33 (14) |
| South Asian | 142 (56) | 127 (54) |
| Caucasian | 79 (31) | 75 (32) |
| Duration of diabetes, median years (IQR) | 13 (8, 19) | 13 (8, 19) |
| Microvascular disease, n (%) | 123 (48) | 114 (48) |
| Retinopathy, n (%) | 99 (38) | 90 (38) |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 203 (78) | 187 (79) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 192 (74) | 176 (74) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 20 (8) | 19 (8) |
| Statin use, n (%) | 188 (73) | 173 (73) |
| Family history of premature ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 51 (20) | 45 (19) |
| SBP, mm Hg (SD) | 137.3 (15.8) | 137.1 (15.7) |
| HbA1c, median mmol/mol (IQR) | 63.0 (51.9, 77.0) | 64.0 (51.9, 77.0) |
| eGFR, mean mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD) | 80.9 ± 18.4 | 80.9 ± 18.8 |
| CAC (AU), median (IQR) | 109 (1, 322) | 82 (0, 266) |
| Total cholesterol, mean mmol/L (SD) | 4.05 (0.92) | 4.08 (0.93) |
| LDL-C, mean mmol/L (SD) | 2.10 (0.88) | 2.12 (0.89) |
| HDL-C, mean mmol/L (SD) | 1.29 (0.39) | 1.29 (0.39) |
| Triglycerides, median mmol/L (IQR) | 1.4 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) |
| Total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio, mean (SD) | 3.41 (1.2) | 2.41 (1.2) |
| Medications for diabetes, n (%) | ||
| Metformin | 232 (90) | 214 (90) |
| Sulphonylureas | 87 (34) | 78 (33) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 21 (8) | 18 (8) |
| GLP-1 agonists | 36 (14) | 34 (14) |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | 50 (19) | 47 (20) |
| Insulin | 139 (54) | 132 (55) |
| ACEi/ARB | 163 (63) | 149 (62) |
