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Table 2 The baseline and follow-up left cardiac structural and functional parameters of patients grouped by quartile of CV-FPG levels

From: Visit-to-visit fasting plasma glucose variability is an important risk factor for long-term changes in left cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Variables

Baseline

After

1

2

3

4

P-value

1

2

3

4

P-value

Left cardiac structure

 LA, mm

32.20 ± 6.00

31.25 ± 5.09

31.87 ± 4.89

30.54 ± 4.88

0.086

33.26 ± 5.61

33.54 ± 5.00

32.82 ± 4.85

34.49 ± 5.01

0.095

 LVDd, mm

47.40 ± 4.63

44.75 ± 4.11

44.54 ± 4.32

44.65 ± 3.85

< 0.001

48.51 ± 4.52

48.12 ± 4.25

47.63 ± 4.70

49.44 ± 3.87

0.015

 IVS, mm

12.87 ± 2.06

12.60 ± 2.04

12.63 ± 1.85

12.44 ± 1.75

0.418

11.90 ± 2.19

12.53 ± 1.81

12.44 ± 2.00

13.09 ± 1.93

< 0.001

 LVPW, mm

9.34 ± 1.60

9.51 ± 1.72

9.40 ± 1.69

9.60 ± 1.63

0.653

9.67 ± 1.47

9.78 ± 1.62

9.93 ± 1.76

10.93 ± 1.66

< 0.001

 LVMI, g/m2

110.46 ± 30.64

99.01 ± 25.14

98.61 ± 25.26

99.11 ± 26.58

0.001

110.55 ± 32.16

112.73 ± 29.13

113.23 ± 34.44

130.85 ± 31.34

< 0.001

Left ventricular systolic function

 LVEF, %

57.06 ± 5.32

58.82 ± 5.57

58.91 ± 5.93

57.22 ± 5.19

0.011

55.75 ± 7.41

56.20 ± 6.00

55.51 ± 6.35

51.90 ± 7.37

< 0.001

Left ventricular diastolic function

 E velocity, cm/s

0.74 ± 0.19

0.77 ± 0.22

0.79 ± 0.25

0.78 ± 0.23

0.296

0.77 ± 0.18

0.80 ± 0.21

0.85 ± 0.26

0.82 ± 0.23

0.029

 A velocity, cm/s

0.80 ± 0.19

0.83 ± 0.20

0.91 ± 0.33

0.82 ± 0.24

0.007

0.88 ± 0.21

0.93 ± 0.27

0.97 ± 0.32

0.92 ± 0.27

0.117

 E/A ratio

0.98 ± 0.36

0.97 ± 0.33

0.95 ± 0.36

1.00 ± 0.33

0.677

0.91 ± 0.31

0.89 ± 0.26

0.93 ± 0.34

0.94 ± 0.32

0.721

 Tissue Doppler e′, cm/s

0.10 ± 0.03

0.11 ± 0.03

0.11 ± 0.03

0.11 ± 0.03

0.220

0.09 ± 0.03

0.09 ± 0.02

0.09 ± 0.02

0.09 ± 0.03

0.936

 E/e′ ratio

7.67 ± 3.10

7.41 ± 2.91

7.69 ± 3.36

7.89 ± 3.58

0.740

9.04 ± 3.87

9.28 ± 3.65

9.78 ± 4.21

9.25 ± 3.61

0.517

  1. Data are mean ± SD, median (25th to 75th percentile) or n (%)
  2. LA, left atrium; LVDd, left ventricular internal end-diastole dimension; IVS, interventricular septum; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction