Variable | Patients with H3Cit ≥ 7.36 ng/mL (n = 28) | Patients without H3Cit < 7.36 ng/mL (n = 84*) | p-value | Patients with cfDNA ≥ 2.84 µg/mL (n = 28) | Patients with cfDNA < 2.84 µg/mL (n = 84*) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | ||||||
 Age, years | 64.6 ± 7.1 | 63.5 ± 8.6 | 0.52 | 63.1 ± 7.4 | 64.0 ± 8.5 | 0.63 |
 Male gender, n (%) | 11 (39.3) | 47 (55.9) | 0.12 | 13 (46.4) | 45 (53.6) | 0.51 |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 30.5 (27.4–37.8) | 32.5 (29.6–36.8) | 0.11 | 32.1 (29.5–37.7) | 32.0 (29.1–36.2) | 0.61 |
Type 2 diabetes data | ||||||
 HbA1c, % | 7.55 (6.23–8.58) | 6.80 (6.00–8.20) | 0.18 | 7.80 (6.73–8.90) | 6.70 (6.00–8.00) | 0.006 |
 HbA1c, mmol/mol | 57.0 (43.0–69.4) | 51.0 (42.0–66.1) | 0.29 | 61.0 (50.0–70.5) | 50.0 (41.0–64.0) | 0.010 |
 Time since type 2 diabetes diagnosis, years | 7.5 (5.0–17.5) | 7.0 (2.3–12.8) | 0.16 | 7.0 (5.0–18.5) | 7.0 (2.5–12.0) | 0.19 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
 Current or former smoking | 14 (50.0) | 48 (56.5) | 0.66 | 13 (46.4) | 49 (57.6) | 0.38 |
 Arterial hypertension | 27 (96.4) | 77 (91.7) | 0.68 | 27 (96.4) | 77 (91.7) | 0.68 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 16 (57.1) | 36 (42.9) | 0.19 | 15 (53.6) | 37 (44.1) | 0.38 |
 Previous myocardial infarction | 11 (39.3) | 9 (10.7) | < 0.001 | 10 (35.7) | 11 (12.9) | 0.004 |
 Family history of cardiovascular disease | 9 (32.1) | 21 (25.0) | 0.46 | 4 (14.3) | 26 (31.0) | 0.63 |
 Heart failure | 4 (14.3) | 4 (4.8) | 0.11 | 3 (10.7) | 5 (6.0) | 0.41 |
 GFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 4 (14.3) | 12 (14.5) | 1.0 | 6 (21.4) | 10 (12.1) | 0.22 |
 ACR ≥ 30 mg/g creatinine | 6 (21.4) | 15 (17.9) | 0.74 | 3 (10.7) | 18 (21.2) | 0.18 |
Medication, n (%) | ||||||
 Aspirin | 18 (64.3) | 55 (65.5) | 0.91 | 19 (67.9) | 54 (64.3) | 0.73 |
 Clopidogrel | 4 (14.3) | 5 (5.9) | 0.22 | 4 (14.3) | 5 (5.9) | 0.22 |
 β-blocker | 20 (71.4) | 61 (72.6) | 0.90 | 21 (75.0) | 60 (71.4) | 0.71 |
 Statin | 19 (67.9) | 55 (65.5) | 0.82 | 19 (67.9) | 55 (65.5) | 0.81 |
 ACEI | 16 (57.1) | 46 (54.8) | 0.83 | 18 (64.3) | 44 (52.3) | 0.27 |
 Angiotensin receptor blocker | 11 (39.3) | 24 (28.6) | 0.29 | 8 (28.6) | 27 (32.1) | 0.72 |
 Calcium antagonist | 15 (53.6) | 33 (39.3) | 0.19 | 13 (46.4) | 35 (41.7) | 0.66 |
 Thiazide diuretics | 10 (35.7) | 26 (30.9) | 0.64 | 9 (32.1) | 27 (32.1) | 1.0 |
 Indapamide | 5 (17.9) | 21 (25.0) | 0.44 | 5 (17.9) | 21 (25.0) | 0.44 |
 Loop diuretics | 7 (25.0) | 14 (16.7) | 0.33 | 7 (25.0) | 14 (16.7) | 0.33 |
Hypoglycemic treatment, n (%) | ||||||
 No hypoglycemic drugs | 0 (0) | 8 (9.5) | 0.20 | 1 (3.6) | 7 (8.3) | 0.68 |
 Oral drug | 16 (57.1) | 44 (52.4) | 0.39 | 15 (53.5) | 45 (53.6) | 0.78 |
 Insulin | 3 (10.8) | 9 (10.7) | 0.66 | 3 (10.8) | 9 (10.7) | 0.66 |
 Insulin and oral drug | 9 (32.1) | 23 (27.4) | 0.63 | 9 (32.1) | 23 (27.4) | 0.64 |
Laboratory investigations | ||||||
 White blood cells count, × 106/L | 6.77 (5.72–8.87) | 7.32 (6.45–8.49) | 0.36 | 6.72 (5.78–8.17) | 7.32 (6.45–8.54) | 0.19 |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.4 (12.5–14.2) | 13.9 (13.0–14.7) | 0.03 | 13.4 (12.5–14.0) | 14.0 (130–14.8) | 0.014 |
 Platelet count, × 109/L | 227.5 (198–270) | 230.0 (185–272) | 0.94 | 2167 (191–251) | 232 (186–278) | 0.42 |
 Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 7.40 (6.63–8.80) | 7.14 (5.82–8.44) | 0.28 | 8.07 (7.05–11.11) | 6.70 (5.80–7.90) | < 0.001 |
 GFR, mL/min/m2 | 86.5 (73.0–92.5) | 82.0 (68.5–92.0) | 0.42 | 80.5 (67.0–92.0) | 84.5 (71.0–92.5) | 0.17 |
 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 24.0 (18.0–37.5) | 26.5 (21.0–40.8) | 0.30 | 27.5 (20.0–39.0) | 26.0 (20.0–40.0) | 0.58 |
 Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.94 (3.45–5.48) | 4.26 (3.50–5.27) | 0.79 | 4.09 (3.76–5.12) | 4.23 (3.40–5.50) | 0.85 |
 LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.29 (1.75–3.81) | 2.54 (1.17–3.43) | 0.80 | 2.40 (1.76–3.41) | 2.57 (1.80–3.57) | 0.39 |
 HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.35 (1.09–1.49) | 1.14 (0.98–1.45) | 0.11 | 1.22 (1.00–1.45) | 1.15 (1.03–1.48) | 0.76 |
 Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.49 (1.06–1.87) | 1.54 (1.19–2.10) | 0.29 | 1.74 (1.26–5.62) | 1.48 (1.16–1.89) | 0.12 |
 C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2.90 (1.09–4.75) | 2.33 (1.20–5.14) | 0.94 | 3.43 (1.26–5.62) | 2.33 (1.11–4.22) | 0.26 |