Outcome | Control (n = 22) | MCT (n = 16) | HIIT (n = 13) | MCT*Control | HIIT*Control | MCT*HIIT | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 12 months | Baseline | 12 months | Baseline | 12 months | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 136.8 ± 13.4 | 131.5 ± 20.6 | 139.9 ± 13.5 | 134.6 ± 18.0 | 142.2 ± 18.3 | 135.7 ± 19.3†| − 0.04 (− 0.74; 0.66) | 0.04 (− 0.65; 0.73) | − 0.08 (− 0.75; 0.60) |
DBP (mmHg) | 81.2 ± 10.5 | 77.5 ± 11.1†| 82.0 ± 8.8 | 79.3 ± 10.1 | 82.6 ± 10.3 | 78.4 ± 10.1†| 0.07 (− 0.34; 0.48) | − 0.03 (− 0.35; 0.29) | 0.10 (− 0.29; 0.49) |
Carotid IMT (mm) | 716.5 ± 120.6 | 746.7 ± 109.7†| 723.1 ± 142.5 | 703.1 ± 106.8 | 713.2 ± 175.8 | 700.2 ± 151.6 | − 4.25 (− 7.38; − 1.12)* | − 3.61 (− 6.15; − 1.07)* | − 0.64 (− 4.06; 2.78) |
Carotid DC | 0.019 ± 0.006 | 0.016 ± 0.006†| 0.018 ± 0.008 | 0.018 ± 0.008 | 0.017 ± 0.006 | 0.018 ± 0.006 | 0.00 (− 0.00; 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00; 0.00)* | 0.00 (− 0.00; 0.00) |
Carotid β SI | 11.3 ± 4.2 | 13.4 ± 6.2†| 11.7 ± 4.1 | 12.6 ± 4.8 | 11.8 ± 4.3 | 12.2 ± 4.9 | − 0.09 (− 0.23; 0.05) | − 0.14 (− 0.28; 0.01) | 0.05 (− 0.10; 0.19) |
Carotid SBP (mmHg) | 121.5 ± 16.0 | 119.4 ± 14.8 | 126.2 ± 12.5 | 121.8 ± 14.7†| 126.0 ± 17.6 | 124.0 ± 16.4 | − 0.20 (− 0.65; 0.25) | 0.01 (− 0.50; 0.52) | − 0.21 (− 0.75; 0.33) |
Carotid DBP (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 9.0 | 73.6 ± 9.8 | 77.7 ± 8.3 | 74.9 ± 7.3†| 76.9 ± 8.7 | 76.4 ± 9.3 | − 0.11 (− 0.43; 0.22) | 0.12 (− 0.28; 0.51) | − 0.22 (− 0.60; 0.16) |
CF PWV (m/s) | 12.9 ± 4.4 | 13.5 ± 4.1 | 13.0 ± 3.3 | 14.0 ± 3.5†| 13.2 ± 3.7 | 13.9 ± 4.1 | 0.03 (− 0.09; 0.14) | − 0.00 (− 0.11; 0.10) | 0.03 (− 0.07; 0.13) |
CD PWV (m/s) | 9.2 ± 2.0 | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 10.1 ± 1.5 | 10.2 ± 2.7 | 9.5 ± 2.7 | − 0.08 (− 0.17; 0.02) | − 0.14 (− 0.24; − 0.04)* | 0.06 (− 0.03; 0.15) |
CR PWV (m/s) | 8.9 ± 2.3 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 9.4 ± 1.4 | 9.2 ± 1.7 | 10.3 ± 2.2 | 9.3 ± 2.3 | − 0.03 (− 0.11; 0.06) | − 0.10 (− 0.19; − 0.00)* | 0.07 (− 0.03; 0.17) |
VO2peak (ml/kg/min) | 25.9 ± 5.5 | 24.4 ± 5.4 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 24.9 ± 4.1 | 27.1 ± 6.3 | 26.5 ± 6.0 | 0.19 (0.03; 0.34)* | 0.05 (− 0.076; 0.64) | 0.12 (0.01; 0.22)* |