| Total T2DM | T2DM + CKDa | T2DM − CKDa | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 343,675) | (n = 171,930) | (n = 171,745) | ||
Antidiabetic drugs | ||||
 Metformin in % | 37.9 | 28.6 | 47.2 | < 0.001 |
 Sulfonylurea in % | 11.4 | 11.2 | 11.7 | < 0.001 |
 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in % | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | < 0.001 |
 DPP-4 inhibitors in % | 14.7 | 14.5 | 14.9 | 0.004 |
 Glinides in % | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.0 | < 0.001 |
 SGLT-2 inhibitors in % | 2.6 | 2.0 | 3.2 | < 0.001 |
 GLP-1 RA in % | 3.0 | 2.4 | 3.6 | < 0.001 |
 Glitazones in % | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | < 0.001 |
 Short-acting insulin in % | 44.0 | 51.4 | 36.7 | < 0.001 |
 Long-acting insulin in % | 46.3 | 53.5 | 39.1 | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 2 antidiabetic drugs in % | 18.0 | 15.0 | 21.0 | < 0.001 |
Antihypertensive drugs | ||||
 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in % | 31.2 | 33.8 | 28.6 | < 0.001 |
 Angiotensin receptor blockers in % | 12.3 | 14.2 | 10.3 | < 0.001 |
 Beta-blockers in % | 31.3 | 36.7 | 25.8 | < 0.001 |
 Calcium channel blockers in % | 16.2 | 19.5 | 12.9 | < 0.001 |
 Diuretics in % | 31.6 | 40.2 | 23.1 | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 2 antihypertensive drugs in % | 39.9 | 47.3 | 32.5 | < 0.001 |