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Table 1 Relative risks of CVD and ESRD in SU group vs. DPP4i group (1st cohort)

From: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor compared with sulfonylurea in combination with metformin: cardiovascular and renal outcomes in a propensity-matched cohort study

Study outcomes

Total

History of baseline CVD

No history of baseline CVD

SU + MET (n = 4684)

DPP4i + MET (n = 9368)

P-value

SU + MET (n = 2025)

DPP4i + MET (n = 4050)

P-value

SU + MET (n = 2659)

DPP4i + MET (n = 5318)

P-value

Composite CVD eventsa

 N. of events

300

462

 

247

361

 

53

101

 

 Cumulative incidence at 3 years (%)b

8.06 (7.14–9.10)

8.01 (7.23–8.87)

 

15.23 (13.39–17.28)

14.08 (12.60–15.73)

 

2.36 (1.75–3.19)

3.36 (2.68–4.21)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 3 yearsc

1.00

1.02 (0.88–1.19)

0.7702

1.00

0.99 (0.83–1.174)

0.8657

1.00

1.32 (0.92–1.90)

0.1370

 Cumulative incidence at 5 years (%)b

11.33 (9.90–12.95)

13.73 (10.96–17.13)

 

20.07 (17.59–22.86)

24.15 (18.72–30.83)

 

4.20 (2.84–6.19)

5.07 (3.84–6.67)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 5 yearsc

1.00

1.04 (0.90–1.20)

0.6209

1.00

1.01 (0.86–1.18)

0.9309

1.00

1.29 (0.92–1.81)

0.1357

IHD

 N. of events

144

215

 

120

163

 

24

52

 

 Cumulative incidence at 3 years (%)b

4.05 (3.38–4.83)

3.79 (3.25–4.41)

 

7.93 (6.54–9.59)

6.66 (5.61–7.90)

 

1.07 (0.68–1.66)

1.66 (1.20–2.28)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 3 yearsc

1.00

0.99 (0.80–1.24)

0.9490

1.00

0.93 (0.73–1.19)

0.5846

1.00

1.39 (0.82–2.35)

0.2193

 Cumulative incidence at 5 years (%)b

5.53 (4.56–6.70)

5.39 (4.49–6.45)

 

10.37 (8.54–12.57)

8.72 (7.23–10.51)

 

1.76 (0.99–3.12)

2.87 (1.91–4.32)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 5 yearsc

1.00

1.00 (0.81–1.23)

0.9713

1.00

0.93 (0.73–1.17)

0.5183

1.00

1.45 (0.89–2.35)

0.1350

IS

 N. of events

99

137

 

77

111

 

22

26

 

 Cumulative incidence at 3 years (%)b

2.62 (2.11–3.25)

2.38 (1.96–2.90)

 

4.47 (3.70–5.96)

4.39 (3.55–5.44)

 

0.99 (0.61–1.61)

0.85 (0.53–1.34)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 3 yearsc

1.00

0.89 (0.68–1.17)

0.4095

1.00

0.93 (0.68–1.25)

0.6102

1.00

0.81 (0.44–1.51)

0.5125

 Cumulative incidence at 5 years (%)b

3.80 (2.97–4.87)

4.77 (3.11–7.30)

 

6.16 (4.82–7.85)

9.02 (5.48–14.64)

 

1.96 (1.04–3.66)

1.38 (0.81–2.32)

 

HR (95% CI) at 5 yearsc

1.00

0.95 (0.74–1.23)

0.6956

1.00

0.98 (0.74–1.31)

0.9070

1.00

0.80 (0.45–1.42)

0.4407

HHF

 N. of events

65

128

 

56

103

 

9

25

 

 Cumulative incidence at 3 years (%)b

1.63 (1.23–2.17)

2.26 (1.85–2.74)

 

3.34 (2.48–4.48)

3.98 (3.20–4.93)

 

0.28 (0.12–0.68)

0.95 (0.62–1.47)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 3 yearsc

1.00

1.47 (1.07–2.04)

0.0186

1.00

1.30 (0.92–1.84)

0.1425

1.00

3.32 (1.28–8.62)

0.0139

 Cumulative incidence at 5 years (%)b

2.90 (2.16–3.89)

4.43 (2.55–7.66)

 

5.29 (3.87–7.21)

8.63 (4.74–15.43)

 

0.94 (0.44–1.99)

0.95 (0.62–1.47)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 5 yearsc

1.00

1.34 (1.00–1.81)

0.0495

1.00

1.26 (0.91–1.74)

0.1717

1.00

1.91 (0.93–3.93)

0.0777

CVD death

 N. of events

35

36

 

31

29

 

4

7

 

 Cumulative incidence at 3 years (%)b

0.90 (0.62–1.31)

0.60 (0.41–0.88)

 

1.86 (1.26–2.75)

1.13 (0.74–1.73)

 

0.14 (0.04–0.44)

0.20 (0.09–0.47)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 3 yearsc

1.00

0.68 (0.41–1.14)

0.1443

1.00

0.62 (0.36–1.09)

0.0983

1.00

1.25 (0.30–5.10)

0.7595

 Cumulative incidence at 5 years (%)b

1.45 (0.98–2.13)

1.24 (0.76–2.04)

 

2.85 (1.91–4.24)

2.41 (1.39–4.14)

 

0.29 (0.09–0.94)

0.30 (0.13–0.70)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 5 yearsc

1.00

0.74 (0.46–1.18)

0.2023

1.00

0.67 (0.40–1.12)

0.1281

1.00

1.17 (0.34–4.02)

0.8079

Study outcomes

Total

History of baseline CVD

No history of baseline CVD

SU + MET (n = 4060)

DPP4i + MET (n = 7618)

P-value

SU + MET (n = 1672)

DPP4i + MET (n = 3143)

P-value

SU + MET (n = 2388)

DPP4i + MET (n = 4475)

P-value

ESRD eventsd

 N. of events

7

10

 

5

5

 

2

5

 

 Cumulative incidence at 3 years (%)b

0.21 (0.08–0.52)

0.20 (0.10–0.39)

 

0.28 (0.08–0.92)

0.25 (0.10–0.61)

 

0.16 (0.04–0.64)

0.16 (0.06–0.45)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 3 yearsc

1.00

1.23 (0.42–3.62)

0.7082

1.00

1.28 (0.32–5.17)

0.7253

1.00

1.41 (0.27–7.41)

0.6860

 Cumulative incidence at 5 years (%)b

0.48 (0.19–1.23)

0.26 (0.13–0.52)

 

0.87 (0.29–2.59)

0.25 (0.10–0.61)

 

0.16 (0.04–0.64)

0.27 (0.10–0.73)

 

 HR (95% CI) at 5 yearsc

1.00

1.02 (0.40–2.63)

0.9368

1.00

0.91 (0.28–2.93)

0.8686

1.00

1.80 (0.36–9.13)

0.4765

  1. All of cardiovascular and renal outcomes were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards models comparing dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor with sulfonylurea in combination with metformin after propensity score matching (PMS). PSM was performed by an optimal 2:1 (case: control) matching within a radius of 0.01
  2. CVD, cardiocerebrovascular disease; DPP-4 inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; N, number; HR, hazard ratio; CI confidence interval; IHD, ischemic heart disease, IS, ischemic stroke, HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; and ESRD, end-stage renal disease
  3. aAny occurrence of IHD, IS, HF, or CVD death
  4. bCumulative incidence was calculated based on Kaplan–Meier estimation
  5. cP-value by cox proportional regression model for clustered data
  6. dAdjusted for creatinine
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840