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Table 3 Significant associated factors for composite recovery of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes

From: Clinical factors associated with the recovery of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

 

Partial + complete recovery (n = 227)

Univariate OR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

P value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)b

P value

Baseline variables

 Younger age (per 5-year decrease)

1.62 (1.47–1.78)

< 0.001

1.49 (1.25–1.78)

< 0.001

1.52 (1.33–1.75)

< 0.001

 Male

1.49 (1.08–2.05)

0.015

1.65 (0.87–3.13)

0.124

  

 Body weight (per 1 kg decrease)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

0.001

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

0.185

  

 Duration of diabetes (per 5 year decrease)

1.41 (1.24–1.59)

< 0.001

1.33 (1.05–1.67)

0.016

1.37 (1.13–1.67)

0.002

 Diastolic BP (per 10 mmHg decrease)

0.83 (0.72–0.96)

0.010

0.94 (0.73–1.21)

0.631

  

 Triglycerides (per 10 mg/dL decrease)

0.97 (0.94–0.99)

0.008

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

0.690

  

 Fasting C-peptide (per 1 ng/mL increase)c

0.86 (1.74–0.99)

0.043

1.25 (0.96–1.62)

0.092

  

 Estimated GFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 increase)

1.20 (1.09–1.33)

< 0.001

1.08 (0.91–1.28)

0.396

  

 Presence of retinopathy, yesd

0.64 (0.40–1.01)

0.056

1.35 (0.68–2.68)

0.390

  

 Presence of micro/macroalbuminuria, yes

0.61 (0.39–0.97)

0.037

0.34 (0.15–0.78)

0.011

0.34 (0.16–0.75)

0.007

 Mean CIMT (per 1 mm decrese)e

10.12 (2.87–35.69)

< 0.001

2.39 (0.56–10.19)

0.238

  

 Use of statin, yes

0.72 (0.52–0.99)

0.043

1.04 (0.61–1.78)

0.890

  

 Use of CCB or ACE inhibitor/ARB, yes

0.52 (0.37–0.71)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.50–1.53)

0.643

  

 Use of anti-platelet/anti-coagulant, yes

0.44 (0.32–0.62)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.50–1.55)

0.659

  

Change in variables

 Δ body weight (per 1 kg decrease)

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.048

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

0.016

1.10 (1.02–1.19)

0.015

 Δ HbA1c (per 1% decrease)

1.36 (1.19–1.56)

< 0.001

1.32 (1.05–1.67)

0.019

1.35 (1.08–1.67)

0.007

Δ Change in oral anti-diabetes drug, yes

1.60 (1.17–2.18)

0.004

0.81 (0.47–1.42)

0.465

  
  1. aOnly factors with P < 0.10 on univariate logistic regression were presented and included in the multivariate logistic regression
  2. bOdd ratios were analyzed by a forward–backward stepwise selection process
  3. cMeasured in 687 subjects
  4. dMeasured in 727 subjects
  5. eMeasured in 461 subjects
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840