| Con (n = 15) | DM (n = 15) | DM + EM (n = 15) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Heart rate (bpm) | 473.13 ± 24.31 | 421.22 ± 20.35* | 465.60 ± 22.82# | < 0.001 |
LVIDd (mm) | 3.43 ± 0.31 | 2.94 ± 0.23* | 3.33 ± 0.28# | < 0.001 |
LVIDs (mm) | 2.33 ± 0.17 | 2.22 ± 0.15 | 2.05 ± 0.17 | 0.059 |
IVSd (mm) | 1.05 ± 0.08 | 1.06 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.08*# | 0.005 |
IVSs (mm) | 1.35 ± 0.07 | 1.36 ± 0.08 | 1.31 ± 0.09 | 0.815 |
LV mass (mg) | 92.60 ± 9.75 | 74.23 ± 8.53* | 86.49 ± 9.12*# | < 0.001 |
LV mass/BW (mg/g) | 3.65 ± 0.44 | 2.21 ± 0.25* | 2.69 ± 0.30*# | < 0.001 |
EF (%) | 70.26 ± 5.46 | 60.22 ± 6.62* | 73.73 ± 5.79# | < 0.001 |
FS (%) | 33.08 ± 3.12 | 23.14 ± 2.37* | 37.22 ± 3.25*# | < 0.001 |
FAC (%) | 70.42 ± 7.72 | 54.27 ± 7.49* | 71.38 ± 7.69# | < 0.001 |
E/A | 1.73 ± 0.24 | 1.22 ± 0.15* | 1.70 ± 0.24# | < 0.001 |