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Table 2 Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricle structural and functional data in mice

From: SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice heart

  Con (n = 15) DM (n = 15) DM + EM (n = 15) P value
Heart rate (bpm) 473.13 ± 24.31 421.22 ± 20.35* 465.60 ± 22.82# < 0.001
LVIDd (mm) 3.43 ± 0.31 2.94 ± 0.23* 3.33 ± 0.28# < 0.001
LVIDs (mm) 2.33 ± 0.17 2.22 ± 0.15 2.05 ± 0.17 0.059
IVSd (mm) 1.05 ± 0.08 1.06 ± 0.06 0.94 ± 0.08*# 0.005
IVSs (mm) 1.35 ± 0.07 1.36 ± 0.08 1.31 ± 0.09 0.815
LV mass (mg) 92.60 ± 9.75 74.23 ± 8.53* 86.49 ± 9.12*# < 0.001
LV mass/BW (mg/g) 3.65 ± 0.44 2.21 ± 0.25* 2.69 ± 0.30*# < 0.001
EF (%) 70.26 ± 5.46 60.22 ± 6.62* 73.73 ± 5.79# < 0.001
FS (%) 33.08 ± 3.12 23.14 ± 2.37* 37.22 ± 3.25*# < 0.001
FAC (%) 70.42 ± 7.72 54.27 ± 7.49* 71.38 ± 7.69# < 0.001
E/A 1.73 ± 0.24 1.22 ± 0.15* 1.70 ± 0.24# < 0.001
  1. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. P values were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance test and LSD test was used for multiple comparisons. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD
  2. LVIDd LV internal diastolic diameter, LVIDs LV internal systolic diameter, IVSd interventricular septal width during end-diastole, IVSs systolic interventricular septal thickness, LV left ventricle, BW body weight, EF ejection fraction, FS fractional shortening, FAC fractional area change, E/A ratio between early (E)-to-late (A) diastolic mitral inflow
  3. *P < 0.05 vs. Con; #P < 0.05 vs. DM
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