| |
Con (n = 15)
|
DM (n = 15)
|
DM + EM (n = 15)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Heart rate (bpm)
|
473.13 ± 24.31
|
421.22 ± 20.35*
|
465.60 ± 22.82#
|
< 0.001
|
|
LVIDd (mm)
|
3.43 ± 0.31
|
2.94 ± 0.23*
|
3.33 ± 0.28#
|
< 0.001
|
|
LVIDs (mm)
|
2.33 ± 0.17
|
2.22 ± 0.15
|
2.05 ± 0.17
|
0.059
|
|
IVSd (mm)
|
1.05 ± 0.08
|
1.06 ± 0.06
|
0.94 ± 0.08*#
|
0.005
|
|
IVSs (mm)
|
1.35 ± 0.07
|
1.36 ± 0.08
|
1.31 ± 0.09
|
0.815
|
|
LV mass (mg)
|
92.60 ± 9.75
|
74.23 ± 8.53*
|
86.49 ± 9.12*#
|
< 0.001
|
|
LV mass/BW (mg/g)
|
3.65 ± 0.44
|
2.21 ± 0.25*
|
2.69 ± 0.30*#
|
< 0.001
|
|
EF (%)
|
70.26 ± 5.46
|
60.22 ± 6.62*
|
73.73 ± 5.79#
|
< 0.001
|
|
FS (%)
|
33.08 ± 3.12
|
23.14 ± 2.37*
|
37.22 ± 3.25*#
|
< 0.001
|
|
FAC (%)
|
70.42 ± 7.72
|
54.27 ± 7.49*
|
71.38 ± 7.69#
|
< 0.001
|
|
E/A
|
1.73 ± 0.24
|
1.22 ± 0.15*
|
1.70 ± 0.24#
|
< 0.001
|
- Data are presented as the mean ± SD. P values were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance test and LSD test was used for multiple comparisons. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD
- LVIDd LV internal diastolic diameter, LVIDs LV internal systolic diameter, IVSd interventricular septal width during end-diastole, IVSs systolic interventricular septal thickness, LV left ventricle, BW body weight, EF ejection fraction, FS fractional shortening, FAC fractional area change, E/A ratio between early (E)-to-late (A) diastolic mitral inflow
- *P < 0.05 vs. Con; #P < 0.05 vs. DM
