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Table 2 Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricle structural and functional data in mice

From: SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice heart

 

Con (n = 15)

DM (n = 15)

DM + EM (n = 15)

P value

Heart rate (bpm)

473.13 ± 24.31

421.22 ± 20.35*

465.60 ± 22.82#

< 0.001

LVIDd (mm)

3.43 ± 0.31

2.94 ± 0.23*

3.33 ± 0.28#

< 0.001

LVIDs (mm)

2.33 ± 0.17

2.22 ± 0.15

2.05 ± 0.17

0.059

IVSd (mm)

1.05 ± 0.08

1.06 ± 0.06

0.94 ± 0.08*#

0.005

IVSs (mm)

1.35 ± 0.07

1.36 ± 0.08

1.31 ± 0.09

0.815

LV mass (mg)

92.60 ± 9.75

74.23 ± 8.53*

86.49 ± 9.12*#

< 0.001

LV mass/BW (mg/g)

3.65 ± 0.44

2.21 ± 0.25*

2.69 ± 0.30*#

< 0.001

EF (%)

70.26 ± 5.46

60.22 ± 6.62*

73.73 ± 5.79#

< 0.001

FS (%)

33.08 ± 3.12

23.14 ± 2.37*

37.22 ± 3.25*#

< 0.001

FAC (%)

70.42 ± 7.72

54.27 ± 7.49*

71.38 ± 7.69#

< 0.001

E/A

1.73 ± 0.24

1.22 ± 0.15*

1.70 ± 0.24#

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. P values were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance test and LSD test was used for multiple comparisons. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD
  2. LVIDd LV internal diastolic diameter, LVIDs LV internal systolic diameter, IVSd interventricular septal width during end-diastole, IVSs systolic interventricular septal thickness, LV left ventricle, BW body weight, EF ejection fraction, FS fractional shortening, FAC fractional area change, E/A ratio between early (E)-to-late (A) diastolic mitral inflow
  3. *P < 0.05 vs. Con; #P < 0.05 vs. DM