Fig. 4

Diffograms showing pairwise comparisons of body mass index standard deviation score trajectories for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and interleukin-18 in males (left), and for diastolic blood pressure and interleukin-6 in females (right) in late adolescence–young adulthood. The dashed diagonal upward sloping reference line depicts equality. The horizontal and vertical lines emanating from the axes indicate the location of the means of the four BMI trajectory groups. There are four vertical and four horizontal reference lines, and six pairwise comparisons of the means in males. There are three vertical and three horizontal reference lines, and three pairwise comparisons of the means in females. Each solid circle at the point of intersection of the horizontal and vertical lines shows the location of mean of two BMI trajectories and the associated diagonal line segment represents the Tukey–Kramer adjusted 95% confidence interval for the difference between the means. A confidence interval that intersect (red colour) the dashed diagonal line indicates that those two means are not statistically different and significant (blue colour) if otherwise. Mean displayed on the diffogram are on the exponents of cardiometabolic risk markers. Exponents: square root for HDL-c, inverse of the cube of fourth root for IL-18, cube of square root for DBP, and inverse of fourth root for IL-6