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Table 3 Results of multivariate analyses for the risks associations between baseline early carotid atherosclerosis parameters and incident cardiovascular and renal events and mortality outcomes during follow-up

From: Prognostic impact of carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques on the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Rio de Janeiro type 2 diabetes cohort study

Outcomes

Age and sex adjusted

Multivariate adjusteda

Carotid atherosclerosis parameters

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Total cardiovascular events (n = 116)

 CCA-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.30 (1.15–1.46)

< 0.001

1.15 (1.02–1.31)

0.024

 CB-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.31 (1.14–1.51)

< 0.001

1.15 (1.00–1.33)

0.058

 ICA-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.31 (1.14–1.51)

< 0.001

1.18 (1.02–1.37)

0.023

 CCA-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

2.89 (1.64–5.10)

< 0.001

1.83 (1.01–3.32)

0.045

 CB-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

2.75 (1.59–4.75)

< 0.001

1.83 (1.03–3.23)

0.039

 ICA-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

2.13 (1.24–3.65)

0.006

1.53 (0.88–2.67)

0.13

 CCA-IMT (> 1.0 mm)

1.54 (1.02–2.32)

0.041

1.22 (0.80–1.86)

0.36

 CB-IMT (> 1.2 mm)

2.25 (1.41–3.60)

0.001

1.72 (1.05–2.80)

0.030

 ICA-IMT (> 0.8 mm)

2.12 (1.38–3.25)

0.001

1.70 (1.09–2.66)

0.020

 Carotid plaque score (≥ 3 points)

2.27 (1.51–3.43)

< 0.001

1.51 (0.97–2.33)

0.065

All-cause mortality (n = 115)

 CCA-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.16 (1.02–1.32)

0.024

1.05 (0.92–1.20)

0.47

 CB-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.07 (0.93–1.24)

0.36

0.97 (0.83–1.13)

0.65

 ICA-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.07 (0.94–1.22)

0.32

1.02 (0.89–1.17)

0.79

 CCA-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

1.36 (0.81–2.29)

0.24

0.96 (0.56–1.63)

0.87

 CB-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

1.26 (0.77–2.04)

0.36

0.95 (0.57–1.59)

0.85

 ICA-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

1.16 (0.72–1.89)

0.54

1.05 (0.63–1.74)

0.86

 CCA-IMT (> 1.0 mm)

1.25 (0.83–1.88)

0.28

1.08 (0.71–1.63)

0.72

 CB-IMT (> 1.2 mm)

1.23 (0.80–1.88)

0.34

0.98 (0.63–1.53)

0.92

 ICA-IMT (> 0.8 mm)

1.08 (0.73–1.60)

0.69

0.98 (0.65–1.48)

0.92

 Carotid plaque score (≥ 3 points)

1.95 (1.30–2.91)

0.001

1.39 (0.90–2.14)

0.14

Renal composite outcome (n = 156)

 CCA-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.17 (1.05–1.30)

0.005

1.11 (0.99–1.25)

0.069

 CB-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.16 (1.03–1.30)

0.013

1.12 (0.99–1.27)

0.066

 ICA-IMT (0.1 mm increment)

1.18 (1.06–1.32)

0.003

1.15 (1.01–1.29)

0.028

 CCA-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

1.48 (0.94–2.31)

0.088

1.16 (0.72–1.65)

0.71

 CB-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

1.55 (1.03–2.35)

0.037

1.38 (0.89–2.14)

0.15

 ICA-IMT (highest vs. lowest tertile)

1.41 (0.92–2.16)

0.12

1.16 (0.74–1.82)

0.52

 CCA-IMT (> 1.0 mm)

1.37 (0.98–1.94)

0.069

1.22 (0.85–1.74)

0.28

 CB-IMT (> 1.2 mm)

1.31 (0.92–1.85)

0.13

1.22 (0.84–1.76)

0.29

 ICA-IMT (> 0.8 mm)

1.69 (1.20–2.39)

0.003

1.55 (1.08–2.23)

0.016

 Carotid plaque score (≥ 3 points)

1.68 (1.15–2.46)

0.007

1.63 (1.09–2.43)

0.017

  1. Values are hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals
  2. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, CCA-IMT common carotid artery intima-media thickness, CB-IMT carotid bifurcation intima-media thickness, ICA-IMT internal carotid artery intima-media thickness
  3. aAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes duration, mean clinic systolic blood pressure during the 1st year of follow-up, number of anti-hypertensive drugs in use, presence of micro- and macrovascular complications at baseline (in analyses of renal outcomes, presence of diabetic nephropathy was added), mean HbA1c, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol during the 1st year of follow-up, and use of insulin and statins
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840