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Table 2 Characteristics of T1DM subgroups with low and high efflux

From: Low cholesterol efflux capacity and abnormal lipoprotein particles in youth with type 1 diabetes: a case control study

Variable

Diabetes low efflux

n = 37

Diabetes high efflux

n = 37

P-value

Demographic and clinical characteristics

Age, years

17.0 ± 1.6

16.5 ± 1.9

0.191

Sex female (%)

21 (57)

21 (57)

1.000

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.5 ± 4.0

23.3 ± 3.6

0.804

BMI z score

0.42 ± 0.95

0.51 ± 0.80

0.644

Ethnicity, n-Caucasian (%)

26 (70)

28 (76)

0.397

Diabetes duration, years

3 (1–13.5–8)

3 (1–5)

0.200

Carotid intima media thickness mean

0.486 ± 0.070

0.474 ± 0.045

0.386

Clinical and lab values

SBP

111 ± 10

110 ± 13

0.634

SBP z score

− 0.29 ± 0.80

− 0.28 ± 1.1

0.935

DBP

62 ± 7

62 ± 9

0.953

DBP z score

− 0.46 ± 0.62

− 0.38 ± 0.78

0.647

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

141.9 ± 26.6

142.0 ± 26.1

0.999

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

52.8 ± 7.9

60.4 ± 10.7

0.001

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

78.7 ± 26.2

70.4 ± 23.9

0.159

Triglycerides, mg/dL

86.1 ± 37.1

82.1 ± 30.4

0.609

High sensitive C-reactive protein, mg/dL

0.55 (0.2–15.8)

0.60 (0.2–9.5)

0.593

HDL efflux capacity

0.89 ± 0.07

1.07 ± 0.07

< 0.001

HbA1c

8.26 ± 1.22

8.50 ± 1.49

0.458

NMR values

HDL particle number

29.8 (23.4–45.2)

31.1 (24.2–42.2)

0.155

Small HDL particle number

12.5 (0–25.8)

10.0 (0.1–20.8)

0.375

Medium HDL particle number

10.8 (2.0–28.3)

11.8 (2.227.9)

0.593

Large HDL particle number

6.5 (3.3–10.0)

9.2 (3.9–17.4)

0.0003

HDL-z

9.7 (8.7–10.7)

10.0 (8.9–10.7)

0.018

LDL particle number

811 (316–1553)

713 (90–1171)

0.054

Small LDL particle number

342 (0–1236)

218 (0.0–947)

0.006

Large LDL particle number

252 (0.1–709)

279 (0–650)

0.619

LDL-z

20.5 (19.7–21.8)

20.7 (19.6–21.6)

0.284

VLDL particle number

40.3 (0–85)

40.6 (12.0–91.7)

0.957

Small VLDL particle number

34.0 (0.5–57.1)

31.1 (5.3–67.8)

0.829

Medium VLDL particle number

7.1 (0–37.5)

9.4 (0.1–33.4)

0.430

Large VLDL particle number

2.2 (0.114.0)

1.8 (0.2–13.7)

0.183

VLDL z

47.0 (36.5–63.2)

46.5 (40.0–71.2)

0.631

Apolipoprotein A

135.0 (102.5–181.4)

154.3 (125.8–237.2)

0.0001

Apolipoprotein B

75.9 (36.0–137.9)

75.9 (27.1–121.1)

0.905

Ratio of Apo A/Apo B

1.85 (0.92–3.63)

2.09 (1.10–5.74)

0.029

  1. All values are expressed as mean ± SD or median (25–75th percentile). P-value is calculated between groups for variables using unpaired t-test for continuous variables, Pearson’s Chi squared test for categorical variables and Rank sum for non-parametric tests. Tg and cholesterol are reported as milligrams per deciliter, HDLp (total, small, medium and large) are reported as micromoles per liter, whereas LDLp and VLDLp (all sizes) are reported as nanomoles per liter
  2. Italic values indicate significance of P value (P < 0.05 )