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Table 1 Patient characteristics in study groups at inclusion in the study (before) and after 12 weeks of treatment (after) with empagliflozin 25 mg daily (EMPA), metformin 2000 mg daily (MET), empagliflozin/metformin (EMPA/MET) or placebo (PLACEBO)

From: Empagliflozin on top of metformin treatment improves arterial function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

 

PLACEBO

EMPA

MET

EMPA/MET

Before

After

Before

After

Before

After

Before

After

Average age (years)

43.1 ± 2.1

46.0 ± 2.3

46.4 ± 3.9

43.3 ± 2.6

Duration of diabetes (years)

22.2 ± 3.8

22.5 ± 3.7

23.2 ± 4.8

22.3 ± 3.2

HbA1c (%)

7.8 ± 0.2

7.7 ± 0.3

7.8 ± 0.1

7.4 ± 0.1

7.9 ± 0.2

7.7 ± 0.3

7.8 ± 0.2

7.2 ± 0.2*

Systolic BP (mmHg)

129.9 ± 4.0

127.4 ± 2.9

134.5 ± 3.0

127.2 ± 2.9

132.4 ± 3.1

125.9 ± 2.1

129.9 ± 2.6

124.8 ± 3.4

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

73.2 ± 5.4

77.0 ± 2.4

83.8 ± 2.6

81.9 ± 2.4

79.1 ± 1.5

79.8 ± 2.3

84.4 ± 1.1

73.7 ± 1.8

BMI (kg/m2)

28.3 ± 0.5

28.5 ± 0.31

28.9 ± 0.7

28.4 ± 0.6

28.0 ± 0.3

27.5 ± 0.3

28.9 ± 0.9

27.7 ± 1.0

Waist circumference (cm)

96.9 ± 3.9

95.2 ± 3.5

101.4 ± 2.9

97.1 ± 2.6

97.8 ± 4.0

97.9 ± 4.9

99.1 ± 3.9

97.7 ± 3.6

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the means
  2. BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin
  3. * P < 0.05 for comparison within the group