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Table 1 Baseline and follow-up clinical characteristics, angiographic and procedural data in overall study-population

From: Thrombus aspiration in hyperglycemic ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients: clinical outcomes at 1-year follow-up

 

TA group

P

No TA group

P

Basal

Follow-up

Basal

Follow-up

N

1000

1000

 

1504

1504

 

Mean age (years)

68.1 ± 6.5

 

67.2 ± 6.4*

 

BMI (kg/m2)

27.0 ± 2.0

26.9 ± 1.9

0.001

27.6 ± 1.8*

26.9 ± 2.1

0.001

SBP (mmHg)

128.0 ± 13.0

123.0 ± 11.7

0.001

127.0 ± 13.1

125.0 ± 13.1*

0.001

DBP (mmHg)

79.0 ± 6.8

76.0 ± 6.6

0.001

79.0 ± 6.7

76.2 ± 6.8

0.001

Heart rate (bpm)

85.0 ± 8.9

76.1 ± 8.6

0.001

87.0 ± 8.7*

77.0 ± 8.5*

0.001

TIMI flow grade, n (%)

 Grade 0

705 (70.5)

978 (65.0)*

 Grade 1

157 (15.7)

218 (14.5)

 Grade 2/3

92 (13.8)

309 (20.5)*

Killip class 3–4, n (%)

60 (6)

 

76 (5)

 

 Diabetes, n (%)

185 (18.5)

283 (18.8)

 Newly diabetes, n (%)

136 (13.6)

 

228 (15.2)

 Hypertension, n (%)

503 (50.3)

743 (49.4)

 Hyperlipemia, n (%)

275 (27.5)

443 (29.5)

 Cigarette smoking, n (%)

444 (44.4)

565 (37.6)*

Active treatments

 β-blockers, n (%)

296 (26.6)

824 (82.4)

0.001

392 (26.1)*

1221 (81.2)

0.001

 ACE inhibitors, n (%)

211 (21.1)

504 (50.4)

0.001

272 (18.1)*

734 (48.8)

0.001

 Angiotensin receptor blockers, n (%)

165 (16.5)

372 (37.2)

0.001

218 (14.5)

554 (36.8)

0.001

 Calcium inhibitor, n (%)

129 (12.9)

210 (21.0)

0.001

159 (10.6)*

300 (19.9)

0.001

 Nitrate, n (%)

577 (57.7)

916 (60.9)

 

 Statins, n (%)

286 (28.6)

917 (91.7)

0.001

428 (28.5)

1381 (91.8)

0.001

 Diuretic, n (%)

96 (9.6)

92 (9.2)

0.409

175 (11.6)

111 (7.4)

0.001

 Insulin, n (%)

78 (7.8)

174 (17.4)

0.001

129 (8.6)

353 (23.5)*

0.001

 Oral anti-diabetic, n (%)

168 (16.8)

282 (28.2)

0.001

266 (17.6)

534 (35.5)*

0.001

 Aspirin, n (%)

432 (43.2)

973 (97.3)

0.001

601 (40.0)

1459 (97.0)*

0.001

 Thienopyridine, n (%)

63 (6.3)

949 (94.9)

0.001

120 (8.0)

1432 (95.2)

0.001

 Dual anti-aggregant therapy

937 (93.7)

1399 (93.0)

 Low-molecular heparin, n (%)

12 (12.4)

190 (12.6)

 Vitamin-K antagonist, n (%)

37 (3.7)

54 (3.6)

Laboratory analyses

 Plasma glucose (mg/dl)

138.3 ± 26.4

109.1 ± 22.9

0.001

141.7 ± 50.1

109.6 ± 18.8

0.001

 Cholesterol (mg/dl)

198.8 ± 20.3

194.4 ± 22.8

0.001

196.2 ± 24.1*

193.9 ± 23.6

0.01

 LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

125.6 ± 19.6

121.2 ± 22.4

0.001

123.7 ± 22.7*

120.9 ± 22.2

0.001

 HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

39.7 ± 3.6

41.1 ± 3.8

0.001

38.0 ± 3.7*

41.0 ± 3.9*

0.001

 Triglycerides (mg/dl)

168.0 ± 24.0

160.3 ± 24.7

0.001

180.6 ± 24.4*

160.9 ± 22.2

0.001

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.9 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1

0.001

0.9 ± 0.1

1.01 ± 0.1

0.001

 cTnT (ng/l)

5.6 ± 1.4

5.8 ± 1.7

Procedural data

 Symptom to angiography (min)

136.9 ± 37.2

135.8 ± 41.1

 Insulin infusion time (min)

Angiographic data

 Number of diseased vessels, n (%)

  1-VD

704 (70.4)

1055 (70.1)

  2-VD

244 (24.4)

356 (23.7)

  3-VD

52 (5.2)

93 (6.2)

 Lesion location, n (%)

  RCA

512 (51.2)

665 (44.2)*

  LAD

390 (39.0)

581 (38.6)

  LM

151 (15.1)

196 (13.0)

  LCx

298 (29.8)

604 (40.2)*

 Trombus grade—Sianos et al. n (%)

  G0 none

94 (9.4)

143 (9.5)

  G1 possible

86 (12.9)

194 (12.9)

  G2 small

78 (7.8)

124 (8.2)

  G3 medium

181 (18.1)

275 (18.3)

  G4 large

193 (19.3)

292 (19.4)

  G5 v. occlusion

332 (33.2)

476 (31.6)

Dimension (largest) (mm)

5.5 ± 1.6

Dimension (length) (mm)

22.5 ± 1.9

LVEF, n (%)

 > 50

513 (51.3)

571 (57.1)

0.005

813 (54.1)

881 (58.5)

0.008

 41–50

413 (41.3)

374 (37.4)

0.041

614 (40.8)

548 (36.8)

0.007

 25–40

74 (7.4)

54 (5.4)

0.046

76 (5.1)*

75 (5.0)

0.533

 Quantitative angiographic data

  Lesion length (mm)

20.5 ± 2.0

20.3 ± 2.0*

  Reference diameter (mm)

2.7 ± 0.3

2.8 ± 0.2*

  MLD (mm)

1.05 ± 0.2

1.07 ± 0.2*

  MLD post (in-stent) (mm)

2.6 ± 0.3

2.6 ± 0.3

 Stent types, n (%)

  BMS

455 (45.5)

642 (41.6)

  DES

545 (54.5)

873 (56.4)

  TIMI gr 3 post PCI

920 (92.0)

1355 (90.1)

  TIMI gr 2 post PCI

54 (5.4)

92 (6.1)

  TIMI gr 1 post PCI

22 (2.2)

47 (3.1)

  TIMI gr 0 post PCI

4 (0.4)

12 (0.8)

  Multivessel intervention

241 (24.1)

363 (24.1)

Clinical outcomes

 All cause deaths

56 (5.6)

96 (6.4)

 Cardiac deaths

48 (4.8)

89 (5.9)

 Acute coronary syndrome

67 (6.7)

107 (7.1)

 Heart failure

121 (12.1)

186 (12.4)

 Stroke

12 (1.2)

19 (1.3)

  1. Data are mean ± SD or n (%)
  2. TA thrombus-aspiration, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, RCA right coronary artery, LM left main, LAD left anterior descending, LCx left circumflex artery, MLD minimum luminal diameter, 1-VD single-vessel disease, 2-VD two-vessel disease, 3-VD three-vessel disease, BMS bare metal stent, DES drug-eluting stent, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MMP-9 matrix metallopeptidase-9, MDL minimal lumen diameter, PS propensity score, CD68 macrophages, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α
  3. * P < 0.05 vs. TA patients