Table 1 Clinical characteristics, subclinical atherosclerosis, and iEAT volume

Male/female

44 (61.1%)/28 (38.9%)

Age (years)

47.1 ± 8.7

Age at diagnosis of diabetes (years)

24.8 ± 8.7

Diabetes duration (years)

22.4 ± 2.1

Insulin dose (UI/kg/day)

0.67 ± 0.22

HbA_1c (%)

7.6 ± 1.0

Global BMI/BMI males/BMI females (kg/m²)

27.0 ± 4.7/27.9 ± 4.3/25.6 ± 4.9

Waist circumference males/females (cm)

98.3 ± 11.5/87.2 ± 12.6

Overweight/obesity

28 (38.0%)/16 (22.2%)

Hypertension

21 (29.2%)

Dyslipidemia

34 (47.2%)

Statin treatment

31 (43.1%)

Active smoker/ex-smoker

26 (36.1%)/20 (27.8%)

Metabolic syndrome

23 (32%)

Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis

 No lesions

36 patients (50%)

 Stenosis < 40%

30 patients (41.7%)

 Stenosis 40–50%

4 patients (5.5%)

 Stenosis > 50%)

2 patients (2.8%)

Epicardial fat

 iEAT (cm³/m²)

40.47 ± 22.18