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Table 4 Cox regression analysis for study endpoints

From: Cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRTd) in failing heart patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and treated by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) therapy vs. conventional hypoglycemic drugs: arrhythmic burden, hospitalizations for heart failure, and CRTd responders rate

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

a. Multivariate cox regression analysis for parameters associated with all cause deaths

 LVEF

1.060 [0.978–1.148]

0.157

0.994 [0.608–1.625]

0.981

 6MWT

0.989 [0.974–1.003]

0.131

0.975 [0.869–1.093]

0.661

 BNP

1.001 [0.999–1.020]

0.233

0.989 [0.963–1.016]

0.463

 TNF alpha

1.666 [0.650–4.273]

0.288

2.253 [0.001–2.671]

0.939

 GLP-1

2.980 [0.904–9.824]

0.073

5.127 [0.002–12.548]

0.445

 CRP

0.977 [0.933–1.024]

0.336

0.867 [0.002–12.548]

0.548

 IL-6

1.254 [0.811–1.939]

0.308

0.004 [0.545–1.380]

0.961

 GLP-1 agonist

2.373 [1.087–5.182]

0.030

7.619 [0.004–14.031]

0.597

 Age

1.140 [1.082–1.201]

0.001

1.063 [0.805–1.404]

0.665

 Obesity

0.045 [0.001–2.916]

0.347

1.139 [0.001–3.434]

0.945

 NYHA 3

1.518 [0.731–3.151]

0.263

0.037 [0.001–1.358]

0.273

 COPD

3.793 [1.827–7.874]

0.001

0.107 [0.001–1.297]

0.529

 QRS duration

1.005 [0.967–1.044]

0.810

0.981 [0.608–1.128]

0.081

 Hypertension

1.686 [0.689–4.125]

0.252

0.005 [0.001–2.492]

0.087

 Dyslipidemia

0.957 [0.391–2.341]

0.923

0.872 [0.401–4.951]

0.331

 Renal dysfunction

1.054 [0.320–3.476]

0.931

3.854 [0.015–8.201]

0.095

 Hb1Ac

0.756 [0.435–1.347]

0.354

0.416 [0.072–2.415]

0.328

b. Multivariate cox regression analysis for parameters associated with cardiac deaths

 LVEF

0.952 [0.902–1.006]

0.080

0.438 [0.001–8.345]

0.831

 6MWT

0.998 [0.987–1.009]

0.733

1.141 [0.778–1.673]

0.510

 BNP

1.001 [0.989–1.010]

0.853

0.993 [0.935–1.054]

0.831

 TNF alpha

2.277 [1.091–4.752]

0.028

0.201 [0.011–8.955]

0.727

 GLP-1

2.980 [0.904–9.824]

0.073

5.127 [0.002–12.548]

0.445

 CRP

0.961 [0.920–1.004]

0.075

4.282 [0.035–5.287]

0.554

 IL-6

1.364 [0.976–1.906]

0.069

7.623 [0.002–12.782]

0.724

 GLP-1 agonist

1.691 [0.929–3.087]

0.085

0.001 [0.015–1.491]

0.687

 Age

1.307 [1.237–1.381]

0.001

2.680 [0.562–12.791]

0.095

 Obesity

1.018 [0.316–3.282]

0.976

0.013 [0.005–6.410]

0.772

 NYHA 3

8.791 [3.474–22.248]

0.001

0.010 [0.001–7.279

0.633

 COPD

2.041 [1.143–3.646]

0.016

0.421 [0.001–1.760]

0.863

 QRS duration

0.990 [0.959–1.021]

0.528

2.797 [0.333–23.510]

0.344

 Hypertension

1.744 [0.842–3.614]

0.135

0.031 [0.001–2.310]

0.868

 Dyslipidemia

3.473 [1.078–11.195]

0.037

4.939 [0.001–12.181]

0.358

 Renal dysfunction

0.636 [0.197–2.051]

0.449

0.052 [0.003–1.193]

0.422

 Hb1Ac

1.429 [0.911–2.241]

0.120

3.119 [0.384–4.091]

0.167

c. Multivariate cox regression analysis for parameters associated with hospitalization for heart failure

 LVEF

0.978 [0.945–1.012]

0.199

0.927 [0.826–1.041]

0.202

 6MWT

1.003 [0.997–1.010]

0.301

1.013 [0.992–1.034]

0.226

 BNP

1.002 [1.001–1.020]

0.001

1.120 [1.001–1.401]

0.017*

 TNF alpha

1.078 [0.665–1.749]

0.761

0.028 [0.000–1.673]

0.420

 GLP-1

1.719 [1.077–2.744]

0.023

1.143 [0.451–2.900]

0.778

 CRP

0.987 [0.967–1.007]

0.207

0.981 [0.923–1.042]

0.530

 IL-6

1.163 [0.926–1.460]

0.193

1.879 [0.017–2.129]

0.272

 GLP-1 agonist

1.914 [1.335–2.744]

0.001

0.119 [0.028–0.508]

0.004*

 Age

1.005 [0.979–1.033]

0.691

0.977 [0.891–1.072]

0.624

 Obesity

0.997 [0.488–2.039]

0.994

0.923 [0.826–1.742]

0.983

 NYHA 3

1.680 [1.177–2.397]

0.004

1.43 [0.398–1.041]

0.562

 COPD

1.126 [0.776–1.633]

0.533

6.870 [0.639–7.383]

0.112

 QRS duration

1.005 [0.987–1.024]

0.578

1.031 [0.963–1.102]

0.383

 Hypertension

0.875 [0.606–1.265]

0.478

1.381 [0.342–5.583]

0.651

 Dyslipidemia

1.932 [1.128–3.311]

0.016

0.354 [0.081–1.541]

0.166

 Renal dysfunction

0.889 [0.479–1.649]

0.709

0.565 [0.103–3.098]

0.510

 Hb1Ac

1.255 [0.955–1.649]

0.103

0.967 [0.626–1.493]

0.879

d. Multivariate cox regression analysis for parameters associated with CRT responders

 LVEF

1.043 [1.019–1.068]

0.001

1.032 [0.979–1.089]

0.239

 6MWT

1.010 [0.996–1.410]

0.897

0.998 [0.987–1.008]

0.665

 BNP

1.001 [0.989–1.001]

0.487

1.012 [0.989–1.189]

0.962

 TNF alpha

0.950 [0.688–1.312]

0.755

0.508 [0.007–3.712]

0.757

 GLP-1

0.840 [0.660–1.069]

0.156

0.757 [0.510–1.123]

0.166

 CRP

0.997 [0.986–1.008]

0.601

0.997 [0.966–1.029]

0.851

 IL-6

1.007 [0.857–1.183]

0.930

0.823 [0.010–6.662]

0.953

 GLP-1 agonist

1.041 [0.841–1.288]

0.714

3.707 [1.226–14.570]

0.026*

 Age

0.988 [0.972–1.005]

0.154

1.010 [0.957–1.045]

0.992

 Obesity

1.394 [0.934–2.080]

0.104

0.564 [0.192–1.656]

0.297

 NYHA 3

0.711 [0.573–0.881]

0.020

1.222 [0.646–2.313]

0.538

 COPD

0.796 [0.624–1.015]

0.066

2.474 [0.965–6.343]

0.059

 QRS duration

0.989 [0.978–1.001]

0.053

0.999 [0.971–1.027]

0.059

 Hypertension

1.073 [0.850–1.355]

0.554

0.774 [0.430–1.394]

0.394

 Dyslipidemia

0.848 [0.653–1.102]

0.218

1.135 [0.632–2.039]

0.671

 Renal dysfunction

0.937 [0.651–1.349]

0.727

1.685 [0.666–4.260]

0.270

 Hb1Ac

1.028 [0.864–1.222]

0.756

1.170 [0.949–1.442]

0.141

e. Multivariate cox regression analysis for parameters associated with strokes

 LVEF

0.931 [0.866–1.002]

0.055

0.449 [0.033–7.319]

0.758

 6MWT

0.989 [0.973–1.006]

0.203

1.065 [0.232–4.894]

0.935

 BNP

1.001 [0.989–1.020]

0.297

0.991 [0.809–1.214]

0.932

 TNF alpha

1.062 [0.347–3.250]

0.917

0.016 [0.001–6.694]

0.988

 GLP-1

2.315 [0.69–7.761]

0.174

0.020 [0.001–7.072]

0.862

 CRP

0.983 [0.935–1.033]

0.502

1.215 [0.002–7.735]

0.953

 IL-6

0.617 [0.273–1.394]

0.245

2.159 [0.001–3.829]

0.991

 GLP-1 agonist

1.691 [0.740–3.864]

0.213

1.320 [0.001–6.473]

0.913

 Age

0.946 [0.885–1.012]

0.104

1.263 [0.004–4.136]

0.937

 Obesity

5.241 [2.080–13.205]

0.001

0.031 [0.001–2.678]

0.771

 NYHA 3

0.994 [0.447–2.213]

0.989

0.129 [0.001–5.426]

0.960

 COPD

1.764 [0.784–3.972]

0.170

0.212 [0.001–1.878]

0.896

 QRS duration

1.001 [0.960–1.045]

0.951

1.315 [0.059–2.940]

0.960

 Hypertension

1.264 [0.502–3.185]

0.619

2.066 [0.001–11.954]

0.982

 Dyslipidemia

0.699 [0.277–1.762]

0.448

0.948 [0.001–3.020]

0.794

 Renal dysfunction

0.043 [0.001–16.543]

0.301

0.880 [0.001–1.003]

0.880

 Hb1Ac

1.115 [0.412–3.021]

0.830

4.248 [0.001–5.346]

0.752

f. Multivariate cox regression analysis for parameters associated with VT events

 LVEF

1.041 [0.985–1.100]

0.157

1.160 [1.012–1.290]

0.047*

 6MWT

0.993 [0.983–1.040]

0.203

0.993 [0.983–1.004]

0.194

 BNP

1.001 [0.909–1.020]

0.321

1.001 [0.098–1.002]

0.505

 TNF alpha

1.475 [0.749–2.904]

0.261

1.009 [0.484–2.101]

0.981

 GLP-1

1.839 [0.904–3.739]

0.093

0.878 [0.585–1.317]

0.529

 CRP

0.973 [0.940–1.007]

0.121

0.991 [0.958–1.025]

0.609

 IL-6

1.384 [1.034–1.853]

0.029

1.076 [0.780–1.485]

0.654

 GLP-1 agonist

0.332 [0.185–0.597]

0.001

0.964 [0.963–0.992]

0.012*

 Age

1.039 [1.001–1.079]

0.046

1.051 [0.816–1.599]

0.066

 Obesity

5.478 [3.005–9.987]

0.001

0.174 [0.016–1.599]

0.072

 NYHA 3

2.773 [1.562–4.923]

0.001

0.541 [0.281–1.043]

0.067

 COPD

2.345 [1.404–3.915]

0.001

0.846 [0.466–1.538]

0.584

 QRS duration

0.975 [0.948–1.003]

0.080

1.511 [1.160–1.959]

0.026*

 Hypertension

0.805 [0.469–1.380]

0.430

1.031 [0.570–1.863]

0.920

 Dyslipidemia

2.619 [1.048–6.548]

0.039

1.232 [0.715–2.122]

0.452

 Renal dysfunction

1.056 [0.454–2.456]

0.901

0.420 [0.012–1.531]

0.075

 Hb1Ac

1.239 [0.760–2.020]

0.389

1.320 [0.021–3.426]

0.752

g. Multivariate cox regression analysis for parameters associated with AF events

 LVEF

0.964 [0.934–0.994]

0.021

1.593 [1.122–1.986]

0.006*

 6MWT

1.001 [0.994–1.601]

0.977

1.024 [0.995–1.046]

0.712

 BNP

1.020 [1.001–1.100]

0.008

1.101 [1.001–1.210]

0.017*

 TNF alpha

1.180 [0.759–1.836]

0.462

1.298 [0.773–2.180]

0.324

 GLP-1

1.049 [0.720–1.526]

0.804

1.087 [0.829–1.427]

0.962

 CRP

1.010 [0.983–1.180]

0.561

0.997 [0.979–1.015]

0.732

 IL-6

1.016 [0.808–1.277]

0.983

0.936 [0.703–1.247]

0.652

 GLP-1 agonist

0.577 [0.348–0.957]

0.033

0.603 [0.411–0.884]

0.010*

 Age

0.989 [0.964–1.014]

0.388

0.982 [0.957–1.008]

0.182

 Obesity

0.941 [0.479–1.846]

0.859

0.952 [0.493–1.841]

0.885

 NYHA 3

1.044 [0.756–1.441]

0.795

0.942 [0.670–1.324]

0.730

 COPD

1.113 [0.785–1.577]

0.548

1.020 [0.683–1.523]

0.924

 QRS duration

1.020 [1.003–1.037]

0.020

1.182 [1.012–1.552]

0.043*

 Hypertension

0.929 [0.656–1.316]

0.680

1.519 [0.926–2.492]

0.098

 Dyslipidemia

0.828 [0.560–1.223]

0.343

1.232 [0.715–2.122]

0.452

 Renal  dysfunction

0.588 [0.598–1.162]

0.126

0.613 [0.024–1.618]

0.082

 Hb1Ac

1.176 [0.914–1.512]

0.208

1.150 [0.002–2.152]

0.073

  1. GLP-1: glucagone like peptide 1; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA: New York Heart Association; 6MWT: 6 min walking test; CRTd: cardiac resynchronization with a defibrillator; n.s.: not statistical significant; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARS: angiotensin receptor; NOAC: new oral anticoagulant; DPP4: Di-Peptidil-Peptidasi IV; BNP: B type natriuretic peptide; CRP: C reactive protein; IL6: interleukine 6; TNFa: tumor necrosis factor alpha
  2. p value < 0.05 is statistical significant, and marked as *
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840