Age group (reference: 50–54 years old)
|
55–59 years old
|
1.25 (1.04, 1.51)
|
0.019*
|
1.19 (1.02, 1.38)
|
0.028*
|
1.02 (0.65, 1.59)
|
0.943
|
60–64 years old
|
1.70 (1.43, 2.04)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.59 (1.37, 1.83)
|
< 0.001*
|
2.13 (1.43, 3.17)
|
< 0.001*
|
65–69 years old
|
1.70 (1.42, 2.04)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.58 (1.36, 1.84)
|
< 0.001*
|
2.35 (1.59, 3.49)
|
< 0.001*
|
70–74 years old
|
2.00 (1.66, 2.40)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.85 (1.59, 2.16)
|
< 0.001*
|
2.92 (1.96, 4.33)
|
< 0.001*
|
75–79 years old
|
2.49 (2.06, 3.00)
|
< 0.001*
|
2.30 (1.97, 2.69)
|
< 0.001*
|
4.12 (2.77, 6.13)
|
< 0.001*
|
80–84 years old
|
4.15 (3.45, 4.99)
|
< 0.001*
|
3.48 (2.98, 4.05)
|
< 0.001*
|
7.86 (5.31, 11.64)
|
< 0.001*
|
85 and above
|
4.48 (3.62, 5.55)
|
< 0.001*
|
3.88 (3.24, 4.64)
|
< 0.001*
|
7.96 (5.18, 12.23)
|
< 0.001*
|
Female
|
0.73 (0.69, 0.78)
|
< 0.001*
| | |
0.70 (0.63, 0.77)
|
< 0.001*
|
Race (reference: Caucasian)
|
African American
| | | | |
0.97 (0.81, 1.15)
|
0.708
|
Asian
| | | | |
0.50 (0.31, 0.81)
|
0.005*
|
Other/unknown
| | | | |
0.95 (0.83, 1.10)
|
0.514
|
Ethnicity (reference: non-Hispanic)
|
Hispanic
| | | | |
0.52 (0.35, 0.78)
|
0.001*
|
Unknown
| | | | |
1.29 (1.14, 1.47)
|
< 0.001*
|
End of baseline period prior to 2011a
|
1.32 (1.23, 1.41)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.35 (1.27, 1.43)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.90 (1.71, 2.12)
|
< 0.001*
|
Geographic region (reference: South)
|
Midwest
| | | | |
0.84 (0.75, 0.95)
|
0.004*
|
Northeast
| | | | |
0.57 (0.48, 0.68)
|
< 0.001*
|
West
| | | | |
0.77 (0.65, 0.91)
|
0.003*
|
Other/unknown
| | | | |
0.89 (0.66, 1.21)
|
0.471
|
Insurance type (reference: health maintenance organization [HMO])
|
Point-of-service (POS)
|
1.20 (1.03, 1.39)
|
0.020*
|
1.23 (1.09, 1.40)
|
0.001*
|
1.03 (0.75, 1.41)
|
0.841
|
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
|
1.09 (0.95, 1.24)
|
0.210
|
1.17 (1.05, 1.31)
|
0.006*
|
1.09 (0.88, 1.35)
|
0.450
|
Exclusive provider organization (EPO)
|
1.34 (1.06, 1.71)
|
0.015*
|
1.32 (1.08, 1.61)
|
0.007*
|
1.00 (0.59, 1.70)
|
0.996
|
Indemnity (IND)
|
1.71 (1.38, 2.13)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.78 (1.48, 2.13)
|
< 0.001*
|
2.01 (1.40, 2.88)
|
< 0.001*
|
Other
|
0.90 (0.84, 0.97)
|
0.005*
|
0.94 (0.88, 1.00)
|
0.038*
|
0.95 (0.84, 1.07)
|
0.369
|
Payer type
|
Commercial
|
0.53 (0.46, 0.61)
|
< 0.001*
|
0.58 (0.51, 0.65)
|
< 0.001*
|
0.46 (0.34, 0.60)
|
< 0.001*
|
Other CVD-related conditions (i.e., conditions used to define CVD-related death)
|
1.19 (1.11, 1.28)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.33 (1.26, 1.41)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.10 (0.98, 1.23)
|
0.116
|
At least 1 diabetes-related hospitalization
|
1.36 (1.26, 1.46)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.27 (1.19, 1.35)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.42 (1.27, 1.59)
|
< 0.001*
|
Adapted diabetes complications severity index
|
1.15 (1.13,1.17)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.17 (1.15, 1.19)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.19 (1.15, 1.23)
|
< 0.001*
|
Recorded diagnoses (ref: no diagnosis)
|
Hypertension
| | |
1.09 (1.01, 1.18)
|
0.024*
| | |
Chronic pulmonary disease
|
1.31 (1.22, 1.41)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.36 (1.27, 1.44)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.52 (1.35, 1.70)
|
< 0.001*
|
Cancer
|
1.14 (1.05, 1.24)
|
0.003*
|
1.12 (1.04, 1.20)
|
0.003*
|
1.52 (1.35, 1.72)
|
< 0.001*
|
Fluid and electrolyte disorders
|
1.20 (1.09, 1.32)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.21 (1.11, 1.31)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.22 (1.06, 1.40)
|
0.007*
|
Deficiency anemia
| | | | |
1.22 (1.04, 1.43)
|
0.013*
|
Coagulopathy
|
1.45 (1.25, 1.68)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.37 (1.20, 1.56)
|
< 0.001*
|
1.97 (1.60, 2.41)
|
< 0.001*
|
Pulmonary circulation disorders
| | | | |
1.32 (1.03, 1.69)
|
0.026*
|
Time interval (reference: 0–6 months)
|
6–12 months
|
1.00 (0.91, 1.09)
|
0.980
|
0.97 (0.90, 1.05)
|
0.501
|
1.05 (0.90, 1.22)
|
0.527
|
12–18 months
|
1.05 (0.95, 1.15)
|
0.363
|
1.02 (0.94, 1.11)
|
0.564
|
1.20 (1.02, 1.41)
|
0.025*
|
18–24 months
|
0.96 (0.86, 1.08)
|
0.528
|
0.97 (0.88, 1.07)
|
0.531
|
1.15 (0.96, 1.38)
|
0.132
|
24–30 months
|
1.06 (0.94, 1.20)
|
0.361
|
0.98 (0.88, 1.09)
|
0.664
|
1.20 (0.99, 1.47)
|
0.068
|
30–36 months
|
1.02 (0.89, 1.17)
|
0.785
|
0.99 (0.88, 1.11)
|
0.826
|
1.27 (1.03, 1.57)
|
0.028*
|
36–42 months
|
1.12 (0.96, 1.30)
|
0.141
|
1.06 (0.93, 1.21)
|
0.380
|
1.29 (1.02, 1.63)
|
0.035*
|
42–48 months
|
0.98 (0.82, 1.17)
|
0.820
|
1.00 (0.86, 1.16)
|
0.970
|
1.02 (0.77, 1.35)
|
0.904
|
48–54 months
|
1.07 (0.88, 1.29)
|
0.511
|
1.00 (0.84, 1.18)
|
0.971
|
1.39 (1.06, 1.83)
|
0.018*
|
54–60 months
|
1.17 (0.95, 1.43)
|
0.138
|
1.00 (0.83, 1.21)
|
0.979
|
1.18 (0.85, 1.63)
|
0.328
|
Over 60 months
|
1.02 (0.88, 1.18)
|
0.828
|
0.97 (0.86, 1.11)
|
0.693
|
0.93 (0.74, 1.18)
|
0.570
|