Table 3 Relationships between echocardiographic variables and baseline characteristics in patients, results from univariable and multivariable regression analysis
Explanatory variable | LV mass | LVEF | GLS | E/é | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable | Multivariable model R2 = 0.23 | Univariable | Multivariable model R2 = 0.19 | Univariable | Multivariable model R2 = 0.24 | Univariable | Multivariable model R2 = 0.18 | |
β1, R2 | B | β1, R2 | B | β1, R2 | B | β1, R2 | B | |
Demographic data | ||||||||
Age, years | 0.4, 0.00 | 0.08, 0.00 | − 0.02, 0.00 | 0.14*, 0.02 | ||||
Gender = female | − 12.8***, 0.06 | − 8.1** | − 0.04, 0.00 | − 0.91**, 0.03 | − 0.8* | 1.08**, 0.02 | 1.4*** | |
Smoker/former smoker | 4.2, 0.01 | − 0.8, 0.00 | − 0.27, 0.00 | − 0.30, 0.00 | ||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 1.1***, 0.05 | 1.1*** | − 0.7***, 0.16 | − 0.7*** | 0.17***, 0.10 | 0.2*** | 0.13**, 0.03 | |
Medical history | ||||||||
Diabetes duration, years | − 0.1, 0.00 | 0.09, 0.00 | − 0.01, 0.00 | 0.05, 0.00 | ||||
Angina pectoris | 17.9***,0.04 | − 4.6**, 0.02 | 2.7***, 0.00 | 1.6*** | 1.22, 0.01 | |||
Myocardial infarction | 13.2*, 0.02 | − 3.3, 0.01 | 1.7**, 0.02 | 0.74, 0.00 | ||||
Coronary revascularization | 16.2**, 0.02 | − 3.0, 0.01 | 1.67**, 0.03 | − 0.37, 0.00 | ||||
Heart failure | 20.8*, 0.01 | − 12.2***, 0.05 | − 9.6*** | 4.3***, 0.05 | 2.5** | 4.05**, 0.03 | ||
Hypertension | 3.8, 0.01 | 1.6, 0.01 | − 0.13, 0.00 | 0.60, 0.01 | ||||
Medication | ||||||||
Loop diuretics | 6.8, 0.00 | − 5.8***, 0.03 | 1.9**, 0.03 | 2.7***, 0.04 | 2.1** | |||
Statins | − 3.3, 0.00 | − 0.59, 0.00 | 0.26, 0.00 | 0.28, 0.00 | ||||
ACEI and/or ARB | 4.2, 0.01 | 0.38, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | 0.60, 0.01 | ||||
Calcium channel blocker | 12.9***, 0.04 | 6.6* | − 0.24, 0.00 | 0.27, 0.00 | 0.95*, 0.01 | |||
β-Blocker | 12.8***, 0.06 | 9.4*** | 0.33, 0.00 | − 0.01, 0.00 | 1.02**, 0.02 | 0.8 | ||
Laboratory analyses | ||||||||
HbA1c, % | 0.9, 0.00 | − 1.2**, 0.02 | 0.55***, 0.04 | 0.4** | 0.33, 0.01 | |||
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.2, 0.00 | − 1.4*, 0.01 | 0.43*, 0.01 | 0.38*, 0.01 | 0.4* | |||
LDL-C, mmol/L | − 1.2, 0.00 | − 0.32, 0.00 | − 0.05, 0.00 | − 0.15, 0.00 | ||||
Microalbuminuria | 14.8***, 0.05 | 8.4** | − 1.8, 0.01 | 0.49, 0.00 | 1.55**, 0.03 | 1.1* | ||
Creatinine, µmol/L | 0.3***, 0.04 | 0.2* | 0.02, 0.00 | 0.01, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | |||
GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | − 0.1, 0.00 | − 0.03, 0.00 | 0.00, 0.00 | − 0.01, 0.00 | ||||
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||
Systolic blood pressure | 0.3***, 0.03 | 0.2* | − 0.02, 0.00 | 0.02**, 0.02 | 0.06***, 0.07 | 0.06*** | ||
Diastolic blood pressure | 0.2, 0.01 | − 0.05, 0.00 | 0.06***, 0.03 | 0.04** | 0.04*, 0.01 | |||