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Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline by the incidence of cardiovascular events during follow-up

From: Plasma copeptin, kidney disease, and risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in two cohorts of type 2 diabetes

  DIABHYCAR p SURDIAGENE p
No events Incident cases No events Incident cases
N 2521 577   894 513  
Sex: male (%) 72 79 0.0003 55 63 0.006
Age (years) 65 ± 8 68 ± 8 < 0.0001 63 ± 11 69 ± 10 < 0.0001
BMI (kg/m2) 29.5 ± 4.6 28.8 ± 4.5 0.0006 31.7 ± 6.5 30.8 ± 5.8 0.01
Duration of diabetes (years) 10 ± 8 11 ± 8 0.0003 13 ± 10 17 ± 10 < 0.0001
HbA1c (%) 7.8 ± 1.7 8.1 ± 1.9 0.006 7.7 ± 1.6 7.9 ± 1.5 0.03
HbA1c (mmol/mol) 62 ± 19 65 ± 20 0.007 61 ± 17 63 ± 16 0.02
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 145 ± 14 147 ± 14 0.002 131 ± 17 135 ± 19 < 0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 82 ± 8 82 ± 8 0.87 73 ± 11 72 ± 12 0.40
Arterial Hypertension (%) 55 63 0.0003 79 91 < 0.0001
UAC (mg/l)* 72 (126) 107 (254) <0.0001 19 (60) 48 (257) < 0.0001
UAC
 Normoalbuminuria (%) 0 0   51.8 35.7  
 Microalbuminuria (%) 78.6 67.4 < 0.0001 36.7 36.4 < 0.0001
 Macroalbuminuria (%) 21.4 32.6   11.5 27.9  
Creatinine (µmol/l) 88 ± 20 95 ± 20 < 0.0001 90 ± 59 122 ± 95 < 0.0001
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) 78 ± 20 73 ± 19 < 0.0001 78 ± 22 62 ± 27 < 0.0001
KDIGO
 G1 (%) 26.0 17.8 < 0.0001 36.7 17.0 < 0.0001
 G2 (%) 56.2 55.5 43.6 38.4
 G3A (%) 15.8 21.8 10.7 19.5
 G3B (%) 2.0 4.9 6.2 10.5
 G4 (%) 0 0 1.6 10.5
 G5 (%) 0 0 1.2 4.1
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.76 ± 1.06 5.95 ± 1.09 <0.0001 4.75 ± 1.13 4.83 ± 1.22 0.30
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.33 ± 0.36 1.26 ± 0.32 < 0.0001 1.20 ± 0.41 1.18 ± 0.41 0.34
Triglycerides (mmol/l) 2.19 ± 1.44 2.32 ± 1.29 0.003 1.90 ± 1.30 1.97 ± 1.69 0.81
Previous myocardial infarction (%) 4 12 < 0.0001 9 27 <0.0001
Active tobacco smoking (%) 14 15 0.55 12.0 8.1 0.02
Copeptin (pmol/l)* 7.1 (6.6) 7.9 (7.4) 0.0001 6.2 (7.0) 8.4 (11.4) < 0.0001
  1. Data expressed as mean ± SD except (*) expressed as median and interquartile range. Statistics for quantitative parameters are ANOVA with log-transformed data, except (*) Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis rank sums test. HbA1c is expressed in % of total hemoglobin and in mmol/mol (millimoles HbA1c per mole of total hemoglobin). KDIGO categories (G1 to G5) are defined by decreasing eGFR values (see “Methods”). UAC: urinary albumin concentration. p < 0.05 is significant
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