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Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline by the incidence of cardiovascular events during follow-up

From: Plasma copeptin, kidney disease, and risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in two cohorts of type 2 diabetes

 

DIABHYCAR

p

SURDIAGENE

p

No events

Incident cases

No events

Incident cases

N

2521

577

 

894

513

 

Sex: male (%)

72

79

0.0003

55

63

0.006

Age (years)

65 ± 8

68 ± 8

< 0.0001

63 ± 11

69 ± 10

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

29.5 ± 4.6

28.8 ± 4.5

0.0006

31.7 ± 6.5

30.8 ± 5.8

0.01

Duration of diabetes (years)

10 ± 8

11 ± 8

0.0003

13 ± 10

17 ± 10

< 0.0001

HbA1c (%)

7.8 ± 1.7

8.1 ± 1.9

0.006

7.7 ± 1.6

7.9 ± 1.5

0.03

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

62 ± 19

65 ± 20

0.007

61 ± 17

63 ± 16

0.02

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

145 ± 14

147 ± 14

0.002

131 ± 17

135 ± 19

< 0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

82 ± 8

82 ± 8

0.87

73 ± 11

72 ± 12

0.40

Arterial Hypertension (%)

55

63

0.0003

79

91

< 0.0001

UAC (mg/l)*

72 (126)

107 (254)

<0.0001

19 (60)

48 (257)

< 0.0001

UAC

 Normoalbuminuria (%)

0

0

 

51.8

35.7

 

 Microalbuminuria (%)

78.6

67.4

< 0.0001

36.7

36.4

< 0.0001

 Macroalbuminuria (%)

21.4

32.6

 

11.5

27.9

 

Creatinine (µmol/l)

88 ± 20

95 ± 20

< 0.0001

90 ± 59

122 ± 95

< 0.0001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

78 ± 20

73 ± 19

< 0.0001

78 ± 22

62 ± 27

< 0.0001

KDIGO

 G1 (%)

26.0

17.8

< 0.0001

36.7

17.0

< 0.0001

 G2 (%)

56.2

55.5

43.6

38.4

 G3A (%)

15.8

21.8

10.7

19.5

 G3B (%)

2.0

4.9

6.2

10.5

 G4 (%)

0

0

1.6

10.5

 G5 (%)

0

0

1.2

4.1

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.76 ± 1.06

5.95 ± 1.09

<0.0001

4.75 ± 1.13

4.83 ± 1.22

0.30

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.33 ± 0.36

1.26 ± 0.32

< 0.0001

1.20 ± 0.41

1.18 ± 0.41

0.34

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

2.19 ± 1.44

2.32 ± 1.29

0.003

1.90 ± 1.30

1.97 ± 1.69

0.81

Previous myocardial infarction (%)

4

12

< 0.0001

9

27

<0.0001

Active tobacco smoking (%)

14

15

0.55

12.0

8.1

0.02

Copeptin (pmol/l)*

7.1 (6.6)

7.9 (7.4)

0.0001

6.2 (7.0)

8.4 (11.4)

< 0.0001

  1. Data expressed as mean ± SD except (*) expressed as median and interquartile range. Statistics for quantitative parameters are ANOVA with log-transformed data, except (*) Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis rank sums test. HbA1c is expressed in % of total hemoglobin and in mmol/mol (millimoles HbA1c per mole of total hemoglobin). KDIGO categories (G1 to G5) are defined by decreasing eGFR values (see “Methods”). UAC: urinary albumin concentration. p < 0.05 is significant