Skip to main content

Table 3 Crude and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model for cardiovascular disease and sensitive analysis for cardiovascular disease after exclusion of the patients who developed cardiovascular disease within 2 years

From: Progression of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

 

Crude HR (95% CI)

P value

Age and sex adjusted HR (95% CI)

P value

Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)

P value

Overall risk of CVD

      

Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Progression of CAN

4.31 (2.49–7.47)

< 0.001

3.68 (2.10–6.47)

< 0.001

3.32 (1.81–6.14)

< 0.001

Non-progression

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Normal to early

2.73 (1.28–5.81)

0.009

2.30 (1.07–4.94)

0.032

2.68 (1.19–6.02)

0.017

Early to definite

5.18 (2.63–10.20)

< 0.001

4.29 (2.12–8.66)

< 0.001

3.35 (1.55–7.26)

0.002

Normal to definite

6.99 (3.19–15.32)

< 0.001

6.58 (2.99–14.47)

< 0.001

4.91 (2.05–11.77)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

0.001

 

Subgroup analysis

      

Age < 60 years

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

8.04 (3.01–21.51)

< 0.001

8.29 (3.05–22.51)

< 0.001

5.49 (1.89–16.00)

0.001

Age ≥ 60 years

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

2.59 (1.33–5.03)

0.005

2.46 (1.25–4.81)

0.009

2.29 (1.10–4.77)

0.03

Diabetes duration < 10 years

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

5.37 (2.16–13.38)

< 0.001

4.40 (1.73–11.17)

0.002

5.34 (1.81–15.70)

0.002

Diabetes duration ≥ 10 years

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

3.20 (1.58–6.49)

0.001

3.02 (1.48–6.16)

0.002

2.67 (1.24–5.74)

0.012

BMI < 25 kg/m2

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

5.28 (2.43–11.47)

< 0.001

4.86 (2.22–10.64)

< 0.001

4.87 (2.00–11.90)

0.001

BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

3.70 (1.66–8.26)

0.001

2.81 (1.22–6.48)

0.016

3.39 (1.38–8.37)

0.008

Mean HbA1c < 9.0%

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

3.47 (1.67–7.20)

0.001

2.88 (1.35–6.16)

0.006

3.16 (1.41–7.10)

0.005

Mean HbA1c < 9.0%

      

 Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Progression of CAN

4.47 (1.86–10.72)

0.001

3.91 (1.61–0.95)

0.003

5.44 (2.01–14.72)

0.001

Sensitive analysis

      

Non-progression of CAN

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Progression of CAN

3.41 (1.81–6.43)

< 0.001

2.94 (1.54–5.63)

0.001

2.85 (1.40–5.78)

0.004

  1. CVD cardiovascular disease, CAN cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840