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Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics in propensity-score matched cohorts of new-users of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists

From: Risk of heart failure hospitalization among users of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Patient characteristics after PS matching

DPP-4 inhibitors

GLP-1 agonists

Std-diff %a

(n = 160,803)

(n = 160,803)

Mean age, years (± SD)

52.7

(± 10.9)

53.0

(± 10.2)

− 0.01

Sex, n (%)

 Male

71,879

(44.7)

70,914

(44.1)

− 0.02

 Female

88,924

(55.3)

89,889

(55.9)

 

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Asthma

10,291

(6.4)

10,291

(6.4)

0.00

 COPD

6432

(4.0)

6593

(4.1)

− 0.01

 CKD

4342

(2.7)

4663

(2.9)

− 0.02

 Ischemic heart disease

19,457

(12.1)

20,100

(12.5)

− 0.01

 Depression

7397

(4.6)

7558

(4.7)

0.01

 Hypoglycemia

4985

(3.1)

5146

(3.2)

0.01

 Hyperlipidemia

92,301

(57.4)

91,336

(56.8)

0.00

 Cancer

9809

(6.1)

10,291

(6.4)

− 0.01

 Hypertension

95,839

(59.6)

95,678

(59.5)

0.00

Use of other diabetes medications, n (%)

 Metformin

100,019

(62.2)

99,698

(62.0)

0.01

 TZD

39,236

(24.4)

39,397

(24.5)

0.00

 α-Glucosidase inhibitors

804

(0.5)

804

(0.5)

0.00

 Insulin

28,141

(17.5)

29,749

(18.5)

− 0.03

 Meglitinides

3698

(2.3)

3698

(2.3)

0.00

Use of other medications, n (%)

 ACE inhibitors

53,226

(33.1)

53,065

(33.0)

0.00

 Aldosterone receptor antagonists

3859

(2.4)

4020

(2.5)

− 0.01

 α-Blockers

6915

(4.3)

7075

(4.4)

− 0.01

 Angiotensin-receptor blockers

23,638

(14.7)

23,638

(14.7)

0.00

 β-Blockers

36,181

(22.5)

36,985

(23.0)

− 0.01

 Calcium-channel blockers

23,799

(14.8)

23,960

(14.9)

− 0.01

 Loop diuretics

16,402

(10.2)

17,367

(10.8)

− 0.01

 Potassium-sparing diuretics

4181

(2.6)

4181

(2.6)

− 0.01

 Thiazide diuretics

2412

(1.5)

2412

(1.5)

0.00

 Vasodilators

965

(0.6)

965

(0.6)

0.00

Healthcare utilization, mean (± SD)

 Mean number of inpatient visits

1.4

(± 0.9)

1.3

(± 0.7)

− 0.09

 Mean number of outpatient visits

15.5

(± 14.5)

16.8

(± 14.5)

− 0.10

  1. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, PS propensity score, SD standard deviation, Std-diff standardized difference, TZDs thiazolidinediones
  2. a Imbalance in standardized difference is defined as an absolute value > 0.20