Patient characteristics after PS matching | DPP-4 inhibitors | GLP-1 agonists | Std-diff %a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 160,803) | (n = 160,803) | ||||
Mean age, years (± SD) | 52.7 | (± 10.9) | 53.0 | (± 10.2) | − 0.01 |
Sex, n (%) | |||||
Male | 71,879 | (44.7) | 70,914 | (44.1) | − 0.02 |
Female | 88,924 | (55.3) | 89,889 | (55.9) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
Asthma | 10,291 | (6.4) | 10,291 | (6.4) | 0.00 |
COPD | 6432 | (4.0) | 6593 | (4.1) | − 0.01 |
CKD | 4342 | (2.7) | 4663 | (2.9) | − 0.02 |
Ischemic heart disease | 19,457 | (12.1) | 20,100 | (12.5) | − 0.01 |
Depression | 7397 | (4.6) | 7558 | (4.7) | 0.01 |
Hypoglycemia | 4985 | (3.1) | 5146 | (3.2) | 0.01 |
Hyperlipidemia | 92,301 | (57.4) | 91,336 | (56.8) | 0.00 |
Cancer | 9809 | (6.1) | 10,291 | (6.4) | − 0.01 |
Hypertension | 95,839 | (59.6) | 95,678 | (59.5) | 0.00 |
Use of other diabetes medications, n (%) | |||||
Metformin | 100,019 | (62.2) | 99,698 | (62.0) | 0.01 |
TZD | 39,236 | (24.4) | 39,397 | (24.5) | 0.00 |
α-Glucosidase inhibitors | 804 | (0.5) | 804 | (0.5) | 0.00 |
Insulin | 28,141 | (17.5) | 29,749 | (18.5) | − 0.03 |
Meglitinides | 3698 | (2.3) | 3698 | (2.3) | 0.00 |
Use of other medications, n (%) | |||||
ACE inhibitors | 53,226 | (33.1) | 53,065 | (33.0) | 0.00 |
Aldosterone receptor antagonists | 3859 | (2.4) | 4020 | (2.5) | − 0.01 |
α-Blockers | 6915 | (4.3) | 7075 | (4.4) | − 0.01 |
Angiotensin-receptor blockers | 23,638 | (14.7) | 23,638 | (14.7) | 0.00 |
β-Blockers | 36,181 | (22.5) | 36,985 | (23.0) | − 0.01 |
Calcium-channel blockers | 23,799 | (14.8) | 23,960 | (14.9) | − 0.01 |
Loop diuretics | 16,402 | (10.2) | 17,367 | (10.8) | − 0.01 |
Potassium-sparing diuretics | 4181 | (2.6) | 4181 | (2.6) | − 0.01 |
Thiazide diuretics | 2412 | (1.5) | 2412 | (1.5) | 0.00 |
Vasodilators | 965 | (0.6) | 965 | (0.6) | 0.00 |
Healthcare utilization, mean (± SD) | |||||
Mean number of inpatient visits | 1.4 | (± 0.9) | 1.3 | (± 0.7) | − 0.09 |
Mean number of outpatient visits | 15.5 | (± 14.5) | 16.8 | (± 14.5) | − 0.10 |