Visit-to-visit HbA1c variability is inversely related to baroreflex sensitivity independently of HbA1c value in type 2 diabetes

Table 4 Respective and combined effects of short-term and long-term glycemic variability on baroreflex sensitivity

Variables	Group 1 (n = 16)	Group 2 (n = 13)	Group 3 (n = 13)	Group 4 (n = 15)	p value^§	Test for trend p value
BRS (msec/mmHg)
Mean ± SD	9.58 ± 3.0	7.10 ± 1.9*	6.64 ± 2.2*	6.66 ± 2.4*	0.004	0.002
p value		0.045	0.012	0.009
Age (years)	66.9 ± 5.6	67.2 ± 7.5	65.9 ± 8.4	68.6 ± 9.6	0.840
Diabetes duration (years)	8.3 ± 8.2	14.3 ± 12.4	8.2 ± 4.2	15.4 ± 10.4	0.069
CGM CV (mg/dL)	18.3 ± 2.5	29.5 ± 5.5*	18.1 ± 3.5^†	29.1 ± 5.9*^‡	0.000
Two-year mean HbA1c (%)	6.6 ± 0.4	6.8 ± 0.8	7.6 ± 0.8*	7.8 ± 1.1*^†	0.000
HbA1c CV (%)	0.030 (0.024–0.044)	0.027 (0.021–0.033)	0.065 (0.060–0.114)*^†	0.082 (0.064–0.107)*^†	0.000

Values are mean ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles). Group 1, both CGM CV and HbA1c CV below median CV value. Group 2, CGM CV only above median. Group 3, HbA1c CV only above median. Group 4, both CGM CV and HbA1c CV above median values
BRS baroreflex sensitivity, CV coefficient of variation, SD standard deviation, CGM continuous glucose monitoring
Results of the Tukey post hoc test, the Games-Howell post hoc test, or the Bonferroni post hoc test (1) compared with Group 1: *p < 0.05; (2) compared with Group 2: ^†p < 0.05; (3) compared with Group 3: ^‡p < 0.05
^§ The analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare BRS among the four groups

ISSN: 1475-2840