Interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase rs1799983, cholesteryl ester-transfer protein rs708272 and angiopoietin-like protein 8 rs2278426 gene variants highly elevates the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

Table 1 Demographic, clinical and biochemical data of the studied participants

Variable	Controls (n = 136)	T2DM (n = 68)	T2DM + CVD (n = 68)
Age (years)	52.3 ± 2.5	51.8 ± 4.3	55.3 ± 5.7
Sex (male/female)	76/60	35/33	42/26
BMI (kg/m²)	26.1 ± 3.8	27.2 ± 2.7*	27.6 ± 2.2**
SBP (mmHg)	112 ± 8.5	125 ± 12	141 ± 20**^,†
DBP (mmHg)	74 ± 7.5	87 ± 12	88 ± 10**^,†
Hypertension (%)	–	30	92^†
Smokers (%)	8	5.8	11.8^†
Diabetes duration (years)	–	7.5 ± 4.5	12.5 ± 3.4^†
FPG (mg/dL)	82 ± 7.5	135 ± 59*	166 ± 61**
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.5	6.8 ± 2.1*	6.9 ± 1.9**
TG (mg/dL)	127 ± 31	155 ± 70*	161 ± 56**^,†
TC (mg/dL)	165 ± 20	178 ± 51*	200 ± 45**^,†
LDL-C (mg/dL)	100 ± 22	120 ± 35.5*	126 ± 30**^,†
HDL-C (mg/dL)	51.8 ± 7.9	48.5 ± 10.8*	44.1 ± 12.2**^,†

BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin A1C, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol
* Significant p in comparison between controls and T2DM
** Significant p in comparison between controls and T2DM + CVD
^†Significant p in comparison between T2DM and T2DM + CVD