Table 1 Baseline characteristics of men and women, including laboratory and echocardiographic parameters
| Â | Men | Women | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometric parameters | |||
 Age (years) | 56.3 ± 5.0 | 55.9 ± 4.4 | 0.561 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.9 ± 2.8 | 25.5 ± 2.9 | 0.207 |
 Waist (cm) | 90.6 ± 6.6 | 84.5 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126.5 ± 14.4 | 121.2 ± 15.1 | 0.003 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 78.1 ± 9.8 | 74.2 ± 9.1 | 0.001 |
Underlying diseases | |||
 Hypertension (n [%]) | 12 (9.1%) | 6 (4.6%) | 0.302 |
 Diabetes mellitus (n [%]) | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.513 |
 Dyslipidemia (n [%]) | 16 (12.1%) | 7 (5.3%) | 0.079 |
Laboratory findings | |||
 Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 104.0 ± 16.2 | 95.8 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 192.4 ± 32.3 | 204.3 ± 31.7 | 0.002 |
 LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 123.5 ± 32.6 | 134.0 ± 31.9 | 0.007 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 170.8 ± 105.0 | 138.3 ± 77.4 | 0.004 |
 HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48.3 ± 13.5 | 54.3 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 |
 TG/HDL ratio | 4.1 ± 4.0 | 2.9 ± 2.4 | 0.003 |
 Apolipoprotein AI (mg/dl) | 138.8 ± 26.5 | 145.8 ± 24.1 | 0.02 |
 Apolipoprotein B (mg/dl) | 100.8 ± 21.6 | 101.8 ± 24.1 | 0.722 |
 Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 7.5 ± 4.9 | 12.4 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 |
 WBC count (× 103/μl) | 3.93 ± 2.70 | 3.96 ± 3.10 | 0.937 |
 High-sensitivity CRP (mg/dl) | 1.39 ± 2.58 | 1.21 ± 1.74 | 0.513 |
Echocardiographic parameters | |||
 EAT thickness (mm) | 7.02 ± 1.81 | 7.13 ± 1.70 | 0.613 |
 LVMI (g/m2) | 75.0 ± 23.2 | 68.6 ± 14.3 | 0.006 |
 LAVI (ml/m2) | 24.2 ± 8.5 | 26.8 ± 7.1 | 0.006 |
 EF (%) | 58.5 ± 6.4 | 59.4 ± 9.1 | 0.352 |
 E (cm/s) | 51.5 ± 12.6 | 56.3 ± 13.1 | 0.002 |
 A (cm/s) | 55.7 ± 16.7 | 59.9 ± 14.7 | 0.029 |
 E/A ratio | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.516 |
 DT (ms) | 193.5 ± 43.6 | 187.6 ± 41.9 | 0.263 |
 e′ (cm/s) | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 0.839 |
 E/e′ | 7.0 ± 1.8 | 7.8 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 |
 GLS (%) | − 15.3 ± 2.3 | − 17.0 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |