Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a favorable adipose depot for diabetes?

Table 3 Odds ratios of newly diagnosed diabetes based on VFA as a continuous or category variable

	No. of participants	No. of cases	Odds ratios (95% CI)^a
	No. of participants	No. of cases	Model 1^b	Model 2^c	Model 3^d	Model 4^e
Men
VFA as categories
Quartile 1	1349	102	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Quartile 2	1346	133	1.34 (1.02–1.76)	1.22 (0.93–1.61)	1.14 (0.86–1.52)	1.17 (0.87–1.56)
Quartile 3	1353	229	2.54 (1.98–3.25)	2.26 (1.75–2.90)	2.04 (1.54–2.70)	2.10 (1.58–2.80)
Quartile 4	1353	323	3.89 (3.07–4.94)	3.40 (2.66–4.34)	2.92 (2.15–3.95)	2.99 (2.20–4.07)
P for trend			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
VFA as a continuous variable (1 SD increase)			1.68 (1.56–1.80)	1.61 (1.49–1.74)	1.58 (1.43–1.75)	1.58 (1.43–1.75)
Women
VFA as categories
Quartile 1	1681	110	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
Quartile 2	1681	192	1.78 (1.39–2.28)	1.65 (1.29–2.13)	1.58 (1.22–2.04)	1.62 (1.25–2.09)
Quartile 3	1689	274	2.59 (2.05–3.28)	2.32 (1.83–2.95)	2.13 (1.65–2.75)	2.18 (1.68–2.81)
Quartile 4	1685	426	4.29 (3.42–5.38)	3.66 (2.90–4.61)	3.19 (2.42–4.19)	3.17 (2.41–4.17)
P for trend			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
VFA as a continuous variable (1 SD increase)			1.64 (1.53–1.75)	1.56 (1.45–1.67)	1.51 (1.38–1.65)	1.49 (1.37–1.63)

^aThe cut-off values of VFA quartiles were 81.8, 117.0, and 154.8 cm² in men and 78.3, 103.4, and 132.1 cm² in women. SFA subcutaneous fat area, and VFA visceral fat area
^bModel 1 adjusted for age
^cModel 2 adjusted for age, level of education, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, systolic blood pressure, and family history of diabetes
^dModel 3 adjusted for variables in Model 2 and also for body mass index
^eModel 4 adjusted for variables in Model 3 and also for SFA