Association between abdominal adiposity and subclinical measures of left-ventricular remodeling in diabetics, prediabetics and normal controls without history of cardiovascular disease as measured by magnetic resonance imaging: results from the KORA-FF4 Study

Table 4 Selection of confounders based on univariate analysis

	LVM	LVCI	LVEDV	LVSV
Age (years)	PreDef (0.33)	PreDef (< 0.001)	PreDef (< 0.001)	PreDef (0.001)
Sex (men)	PreDef (< 0.001)	PreDef (< 0.001)	PreDef (0.24)	PreDef (0.33)
BMI (kg/m²)	PreDef (0.007)	PreDef (< 0.001)	PreDef (< 0.001)	PreDef (< 0.001)
Diabetes status	0.03	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
HbA1c	0.003*	< 0.001*	0.004*	< 0.001*
Hypertension	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.02	0.08
Systolic RR (mmHg)	< 0.001*	< 0.001*	0.003*	0.003*
Diastolic RR (mmHg)	0.007*	< 0.001*	0.003*	< 0.001*
Antihypertensive medication	0.03*	0.001*	0.08*	0.61
Triglyceride levels (mg/dL)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/L)	0.90	0.003*	0.001*	0.001*
HDL (mg/dL)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.02	< 0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	0.54	0.001	0.001	< 0.001
Lipid lowering medication	0.05	0.02	0.42	0.46
Smoking status	0.30	0.48	0.98	0.99

Covariates with a p value < 0.10 were included in multivariate analysis (italicized). In case of co-linearity (*), the more common definition of the risk factors was included. Age, sex and BMI were included in the model based on previous literature independent of the p value (PreDef)

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