Exercise training and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

Table 2 Meta-regression analyses on FMD in patients with type 2 diabetes

Variables	All exercise			Aerobic exercise			Combined exercise
Variables	N	β	P	N	β	P	N	β	P
Age (log-transformed)^a	10	− 0.53	0.72	5	20.1	0.17	4	− 0.06	0.97
Disease duration^a	6	− 0.03	0.82	3	− 0.08	0.69	2	NA	NA
Training duration	10	− 0.10	0.26	5	NA	NA	4	− 0.13	0.17
Proportion of males^a	10	0.01	0.50	5	− 0.04	0.20	4	0.06	0.28
Baseline data^a
FMD at baseline	9	0.43	0.23	5	1.33	0.29	3	1.16	0.48
Body mass index	10	− 0.16	0.34	5	− 0.30	0.19	4	− 0.32	0.34
Systolic blood pressure	6	0.03	0.70	4	− 0.10	0.34	2	NA	NA
Diastolic blood pressure	6	0.01	0.95	4	0.41	0.30	2	NA	NA
Mean arterial pressure	7	0.23	0.05	4	− 0.19	0.76	3	0.20	0.28
Fasting blood glucose	6	0.17	0.73	4	− 0.71	0.29	2	NA	NA
Hemoglobin A1c	10	1.11	0.09	5	− 1.97	0.44	4	1.21	0.17
Peak oxygen consumption	8	− 0.01	0.95	3	− 3.27	0.61	4	− 0.03	0.95
Change scores post-exercise intervention^b
Body mass index	6	− 2.10	0.55	3	− 4.64	0.57	3	3.60	0.59
Systolic blood pressure	6	− 0.16	0.30	4	− 0.20	0.28	2	NA	NA
Diastolic blood pressure	6	− 0.10	0.55	4	− 0.22	0.35	2	NA	NA
Fasting blood glucose	5	1.44	0.62	4	− 4.66	0.34	1	NA	NA
Hemoglobin A1c	9	− 2.52	0.24	5	− 5.02	0.12	3	1.96	0.73
Peak oxygen consumption	6	− 0.38	0.74	3	1.14	0.55	3	− 1.40	0.52

FMD flow-mediated dilation, NA not applicable
^a They were the baseline mean values of intervention and control groups
^b They were the average change cores from baseline between intervention and control groups except the study by Maiorana and colleague [21]

ISSN: 1475-2840