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Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline in the four categories of body composition classified using A/G ratio

From: Sarcopenic obesity assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can predict cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective observational study

 

Normal (n = 187)

Sarcopenia (n = 171)

Obesity (n = 275)

Sarcopenic Obesity (n = 83)

p value*

Age (years)

62 ± 14

69 ± 11†

63 ± 12

70 ± 10†

< 0.001

Gender (% male)

39.6

67.3

46.5

75.9

< 0.001

Body fat (%)

33.7 ± 7.2

28.1 ± 7.9†

38.8 ± 6.4†

35.3 ± 5.3

< 0.001

Android fat mass (kg)

1.8 (1.4–2.3)

1.2 (0.8–1.6)†

2.8 (2.3–3.7)†

2.1 (2.1–3.5)†

< 0.001

Gynoid fat mass (kg)

3.1 (2.6–3.7)

2.1 (1.6–2.7)†

3.4 (2.8–4.3)†

2.5 (2.5–4.0)†

< 0.001

A/G ratio

0.57 ± 0.14

0.53 ± 0.17

0.86 ± 0.15†

0.87 ± 0.12†

< 0.001

SMI (kg/m2)

6.86 ± 1.05

5.70 ± 0.88†

7.41 ± 1.15†

6.00 ± 0.79†

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.3 ± 3.8

20.8 ± 2.9†

29.1 ± 5.3†

23.7 ± 3.0†

< 0.001

Duration of diabetes (years)

10.2 ± 9.6

11.4 ± 10.9

10.7 ± 8.8

15.3 ± 13.1†

0.001

History of CVD (%)

19

22

21

33

0.092

Current smoker (%)

12

16

11

22

0.083

SBP (mmHg)

131 ± 22

127 ± 18

133 ± 18

130 ± 19

0.072

DBP (mmHg)

77 ± 14

73 ± 12

78 ± 12†

76 ± 13

0.001

Log ACR (mg/gCr)

1.69 ± 0.76

1.76 ± 0.75

1.75 ± 0.78

1.85 ± 0.77

0.497

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

73.8 ± 22.2

75.5 ± 29.8

69.5 ± 22.7

70.2 ± 25.9

0.054

PDR (%)

9

7

13

10

0.197

HbA1c (%)

8.2 ± 2.0

8.1 ± 2.1

8.3 ± 1.7

8.6 ± 1.8

0.266

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

66.2 ± 21.2

64.9 ± 22.3

67.6 ± 18.4

70.0 ± 20.0

0.266

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.32 (0.85–1.80)

1.12 (0.82–1.76)

1.56 (1.10–2.21)†

1.29 (1.08–2.11)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.50 ± 0.50

1.59 ± 0.53

1.33 ± 0.34†

1.31 ± 0.41†

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.80 ± 0.94

2.74 ± 0.78

2.90 ± 0.82

2.89 ± 0.97

0.233

AST (U/l)

21 (17–27)

21 (18–27)

24 (19–33)†

21 (19–31)

< 0.001

ALT (U/l)

19 (14–28)

17 (13–23)

25 (18–42)†

18 (16–38)

< 0.001

γ-GTP (U/l)

25 (18–48)

30 (20–48)

34 (22–59)†

33 (22–59)

0.001

UA (μmol/l)

297 ± 90

287 ± 80

335 ± 86†

325 ± 90

< 0.001

  1. ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; A/G, android to gynoid fat; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration ratio; GTP, glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SMI, skeletal muscle index; UA, uric acid
  2. * p value for difference among the four groups in percepts (Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test) or means (ANOVA)
  3. †p < 0.05 vs normal patients by Tukey’s test