| Normal (n = 187) | Sarcopenia (n = 171) | Obesity (n = 275) | Sarcopenic Obesity (n = 83) | p value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 62 ± 14 | 69 ± 11†| 63 ± 12 | 70 ± 10†| < 0.001 |
Gender (% male) | 39.6 | 67.3 | 46.5 | 75.9 | < 0.001 |
Body fat (%) | 33.7 ± 7.2 | 28.1 ± 7.9†| 38.8 ± 6.4†| 35.3 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
Android fat mass (kg) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6)†| 2.8 (2.3–3.7)†| 2.1 (2.1–3.5)†| < 0.001 |
Gynoid fat mass (kg) | 3.1 (2.6–3.7) | 2.1 (1.6–2.7)†| 3.4 (2.8–4.3)†| 2.5 (2.5–4.0)†| < 0.001 |
A/G ratio | 0.57 ± 0.14 | 0.53 ± 0.17 | 0.86 ± 0.15†| 0.87 ± 0.12†| < 0.001 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 6.86 ± 1.05 | 5.70 ± 0.88†| 7.41 ± 1.15†| 6.00 ± 0.79†| < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.8 | 20.8 ± 2.9†| 29.1 ± 5.3†| 23.7 ± 3.0†| < 0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.2 ± 9.6 | 11.4 ± 10.9 | 10.7 ± 8.8 | 15.3 ± 13.1†| 0.001 |
History of CVD (%) | 19 | 22 | 21 | 33 | 0.092 |
Current smoker (%) | 12 | 16 | 11 | 22 | 0.083 |
SBP (mmHg) | 131 ± 22 | 127 ± 18 | 133 ± 18 | 130 ± 19 | 0.072 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77 ± 14 | 73 ± 12 | 78 ± 12†| 76 ± 13 | 0.001 |
Log ACR (mg/gCr) | 1.69 ± 0.76 | 1.76 ± 0.75 | 1.75 ± 0.78 | 1.85 ± 0.77 | 0.497 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 73.8 ± 22.2 | 75.5 ± 29.8 | 69.5 ± 22.7 | 70.2 ± 25.9 | 0.054 |
PDR (%) | 9 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 0.197 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.2 ± 2.0 | 8.1 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 8.6 ± 1.8 | 0.266 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 66.2 ± 21.2 | 64.9 ± 22.3 | 67.6 ± 18.4 | 70.0 ± 20.0 | 0.266 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.32 (0.85–1.80) | 1.12 (0.82–1.76) | 1.56 (1.10–2.21)†| 1.29 (1.08–2.11) | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.50 ± 0.50 | 1.59 ± 0.53 | 1.33 ± 0.34†| 1.31 ± 0.41†| < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.80 ± 0.94 | 2.74 ± 0.78 | 2.90 ± 0.82 | 2.89 ± 0.97 | 0.233 |
AST (U/l) | 21 (17–27) | 21 (18–27) | 24 (19–33)†| 21 (19–31) | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/l) | 19 (14–28) | 17 (13–23) | 25 (18–42)†| 18 (16–38) | < 0.001 |
γ-GTP (U/l) | 25 (18–48) | 30 (20–48) | 34 (22–59)†| 33 (22–59) | 0.001 |
UA (μmol/l) | 297 ± 90 | 287 ± 80 | 335 ± 86†| 325 ± 90 | < 0.001 |