Table 1 Demographic characteristics of real-world 2016 type 2 diabetes population, stratified by cardiovascular disease (CVD) status
| Variable |
Missing n (%) |
No established CVD N = 54,659 |
Established CVD N = 40,910 | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 58.2 (48.2, 67.0) | 69.1 (60.8, 77.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Race, n (%) | 2677 (3%) | < 0.001 | ||
| White | 40,779 (77%) | 31,465 (78.8%) | ||
| Black | 9892 (18.7%) | 7265 (18.2%) | ||
| Other | 2308 (4.4%) | 1183 (3%) | ||
| Gender, n (%) | 3 (0%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Female | 31,385 (57.4%) | 18,916 (46.2%) | ||
| Male | 23,273 (42.6%) | 21,992 (53.8%) | ||
| Insurance, n (%) | 8602 (9%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Commercial | 22,656 (46.9%) | 7964 (20.6%) | ||
| Employee health insurance | 3108 (6.4%) | 1017 (2.6%) | ||
| Managed care | 993 (2.1%) | 383 (1%) | ||
| Medicaid | 4277 (8.9%) | 2380 (6.2%) | ||
| Medicare | 17,032 (35.3%) | 26,840 (69.4%) | ||
| Military personnel | 223 (0.5%) | 93 (0.2%) | ||
| Median zip income (US$, thousands) | 1484 (2%) | 54.3 (41.8, 67.4) | 51.7 (41.1, 66.9) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 6.7 (6.1, 7.6) | 6.6 (6.1, 7.4) | 0.002 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 40,666 (74.4%) | 38,267 (93.5%) | < 0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 36,367 (66.5%) | 34,653 (84.7%) | < 0.001 | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 6264 (11.5%) | 4313 (10.5%) | < 0.001 | |
| Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 38,183 (69.9%) | 26,936 (65.8%) | < 0.001 | |
| Family history of CV disease, n (%) | 36,064 (66.0%) | 28,702 (70.2%) | < 0.001 | |
| DCSI score | < 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 32,825 (60.1%) | 6166 (15.1%) | ||
| 1–2 | 16,182 (29.6%) | 8149 (19.9%) | ||
| ≥ 3 | 5652 (10.3%) | 26,595 (65%) | ||
| Diabetes complicationsa | ||||
| Retinopathy | < 0.001 | |||
| Not present | 50,771 (92.9%) | 35,445 (86.6%) | ||
| Abnormal | 3068 (5.6%) | 4126 (10.1%) | ||
| Severe abnormal | 820 (1.5%) | 1339 (3.3%) | ||
| Nephropathy | < 0.001 | |||
| Not present | 38,131 (69.8%) | 14,027 (34.3%) | ||
| Abnormal | 10,530 (19.3%) | 13,937 (34.1%) | ||
| Severe abnormal | 5998 (11%) | 12,946 (31.6%) | ||
| Neuropathy | < 0.001 | |||
| Not present | 41,536 (76%) | 24,485 (59.9%) | ||
| Abnormal | 13,123 (24%) | 16,425 (40.1%) | ||
| Cerebrovascular | < 0.001 | |||
| Not present | 54,657 (100%) | 27,587 (67.4%) | ||
| Abnormal | 0 (0%) | 1681 (4.1%) | ||
| Severe abnormal | 2 (0%) | 11,642 (28.5%) | ||
| Cardiovascularb | < 0.001 | |||
| Not present | 52,079 (95.3%) | 14,771 (36.1%) | ||
| Abnormal | 42 (0.1%) | 10,250 (25.1%) | ||
| Severe abnormal | 2538 (4.6%) | 15,889 (38.8%) | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | < 0.001 | |||
| Not present | 54,039 (98.9%) | 30,920 (75.6%) | ||
| Abnormal | 577 (1.1%) | 9203 (22.5%) | ||
| Severe abnormal | 43 (0.1%) | 787 (1.9%) | ||
