Age, median (IQR)
| |
58.2 (48.2, 67.0)
|
69.1 (60.8, 77.3)
|
< 0.001
|
Race, n (%)
|
2677 (3%)
| | |
< 0.001
|
White
| |
40,779 (77%)
|
31,465 (78.8%)
| |
Black
| |
9892 (18.7%)
|
7265 (18.2%)
| |
Other
| |
2308 (4.4%)
|
1183 (3%)
| |
Gender, n (%)
|
3 (0%)
| | |
< 0.001
|
Female
| |
31,385 (57.4%)
|
18,916 (46.2%)
| |
Male
| |
23,273 (42.6%)
|
21,992 (53.8%)
| |
Insurance, n (%)
|
8602 (9%)
| | |
< 0.001
|
Commercial
| |
22,656 (46.9%)
|
7964 (20.6%)
| |
Employee health insurance
| |
3108 (6.4%)
|
1017 (2.6%)
| |
Managed care
| |
993 (2.1%)
|
383 (1%)
| |
Medicaid
| |
4277 (8.9%)
|
2380 (6.2%)
| |
Medicare
| |
17,032 (35.3%)
|
26,840 (69.4%)
| |
Military personnel
| |
223 (0.5%)
|
93 (0.2%)
| |
Median zip income (US$, thousands)
|
1484 (2%)
|
54.3 (41.8, 67.4)
|
51.7 (41.1, 66.9)
|
< 0.001
|
HbA1c (%), median (IQR)
| |
6.7 (6.1, 7.6)
|
6.6 (6.1, 7.4)
|
0.002
|
Hypertension, n (%)
| |
40,666 (74.4%)
|
38,267 (93.5%)
|
< 0.001
|
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)
| |
36,367 (66.5%)
|
34,653 (84.7%)
|
< 0.001
|
Current smoker, n (%)
| |
6264 (11.5%)
|
4313 (10.5%)
|
< 0.001
|
Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%)
| |
38,183 (69.9%)
|
26,936 (65.8%)
|
< 0.001
|
Family history of CV disease, n (%)
| |
36,064 (66.0%)
|
28,702 (70.2%)
|
< 0.001
|
DCSI score
|
< 0.001
|
0
| |
32,825 (60.1%)
|
6166 (15.1%)
| |
1–2
| |
16,182 (29.6%)
|
8149 (19.9%)
| |
≥ 3
| |
5652 (10.3%)
|
26,595 (65%)
| |
Diabetes complicationsa
|
Retinopathy
|
< 0.001
|
Not present
| |
50,771 (92.9%)
|
35,445 (86.6%)
| |
Abnormal
| |
3068 (5.6%)
|
4126 (10.1%)
| |
Severe abnormal
| |
820 (1.5%)
|
1339 (3.3%)
| |
Nephropathy
|
< 0.001
|
Not present
| |
38,131 (69.8%)
|
14,027 (34.3%)
| |
Abnormal
| |
10,530 (19.3%)
|
13,937 (34.1%)
| |
Severe abnormal
| |
5998 (11%)
|
12,946 (31.6%)
| |
Neuropathy
|
< 0.001
|
Not present
| |
41,536 (76%)
|
24,485 (59.9%)
| |
Abnormal
| |
13,123 (24%)
|
16,425 (40.1%)
| |
Cerebrovascular
|
< 0.001
|
Not present
| |
54,657 (100%)
|
27,587 (67.4%)
| |
Abnormal
| |
0 (0%)
|
1681 (4.1%)
| |
Severe abnormal
| |
2 (0%)
|
11,642 (28.5%)
| |
Cardiovascularb
|
< 0.001
|
Not present
| |
52,079 (95.3%)
|
14,771 (36.1%)
| |
Abnormal
| |
42 (0.1%)
|
10,250 (25.1%)
| |
Severe abnormal
| |
2538 (4.6%)
|
15,889 (38.8%)
| |
Peripheral vascular disease
|
< 0.001
|
Not present
| |
54,039 (98.9%)
|
30,920 (75.6%)
| |
Abnormal
| |
577 (1.1%)
|
9203 (22.5%)
| |
Severe abnormal
| |
43 (0.1%)
|
787 (1.9%)
| |