The effect of change in fasting glucose on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality: a nationwide cohort study

Table 4 Subgroup analysis of the associations between change in fasting glucose and the risk of all-cause morality

Fasting glucose level at baseline (mg/dL)	NFG (< 100.0 mg/dL)			IFG (100.0–125.9 mg/dL)
Fasting glucose level after 2-year (mg/dL)	NFG (< 100.0 mg/dL)	IFG (100.0–125.9 mg/dL)	DFG (≥ 126.0 mg/dL)	NFG (< 100.0 mg/dL)	IFG (100.0–125.9 mg/dL)	DFG (≥ 126.0 mg/dL)
Age < 65 years
Subtotal (N)	136,764	32,057	3188	28,272	19,977	3615
Number of cases (n)	2,5864	746	146	700	541	137
HR (95% CI)	1	1.07 (0.98–1.16)	1.72 (1.46–2.04)	0.94 (0.84–1.05)	1	1.23 (1.02–1.48)
Age ≥ 65 years
Subtotal (N)	19,957	5765	829	5335	3879	849
Number of cases (n)	2661	855	168	816	579	152
HR (95% CI)	1	1.11 (1.03–1.20)	1.46 (1.25–1.71)	1.01 (0.91–1.13)	1	1.17 (0.98–1.40)
Men
Subtotal (N)	83,348	23,763	2790	20,418	16,354	3240
Number of cases (n)	3726	1213	252	1123	842	214
HR (95% CI)	1	1.07 (1.01–1.14)	1.60 (1.40–1.82)	1.01 (0.92–1.11)	1	1.12 (0.96–1.30)
Women
Subtotal (N)	73,373	14,059	1227	13,189	7502	1224
Number of cases (n)	1499	388	62	393	278	75
HR (95% CI)	1	1.09 (0.97–1.22)	1.36 (1.06–1.76)	0.87 (0.75–1.02)	1	1.29 (0.99–1.67)
BMI < 25.0 kg/m²
Subtotal (N)	111,438	24,195	2411	22,436	14,195	2368
Number of cases (n)	3983	1188	224	1160	777	193
HR (95% CI)	1	1.11 (1.04–1.18)	1.50 (1.31–1.72)	1.00 (0.92–1.10)	1	1.21 (1.03–1.42)
BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m²
Subtotal (N)	45,255	13,615	1605	11,157	9651	2095
Number of cases (n)	1241	412	90	355	343	96
HR (95% CI)	1	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	1.65 (1.33–2.04)	0.92 (0.79–1.07)	1	1.08 (0.86–1.36)

Hazard ratio analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, Charlson comorbidity index, and baseline fasting glucose level
n number, HR hazard ratio, CI confidential interval, NFG normal fasting glucose (< 100.0 mg/dL), IFG impaired fasting glucose (100.0–125.9 mg/dL), DFG, diabetic fasting glucose (≥ 126.0 mg/dL)