From: HbA1c variability and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients
Variables | Type 2 diabetes | t/x 2 | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Without DPN | With DPN | |||
n (%) | 563 | 461 (81.9) | 102 (18.1) | – | – |
Age (year) | 56.4 ± 9.8 | 56.0 ± 9.9 | 58.4 ± 9.1 | 2.254 | 0.025 |
Female, n (%) | 264 (46.9) | 213 (46.2) | 51 (50.0) | 0.483 | 0.487 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 3.6 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 25.9 ± 3.3 | 1.533 | 0.126 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134 ± 17 | 134 ± 17 | 137 ± 19 | 1.623 | 0.105 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 82 ± 11 | 82 ± 11 | 83 ± 10 | 0.688 | 0.492 |
Diabetic duration (year) | 5.6 (4.5–8.5) | 5.3 (4.4–8.0) | 6.7 (4.9–9.6) | – | < 0.001 |
Hypoglycemic treatments | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Lifestyle intervention alone, n (%) | 65 (11.5) | 56 (12.1) | 9 (8.8) | 0.904 | 0.342 |
 Insulin injections, n (%) | 161 (28.6) | 127 (27.5) | 34 (33.3) | 1.369 | 0.242 |
 Insulin-secretagogues, n (%) | 254 (45.1) | 212 (46.0) | 42 (41.2) | 0.781 | 0.377 |
 Metformin, n (%) | 252 (44.8) | 199 (43.2) | 53 (52.0) | 2.612 | 0.106 |
 Thiazolidinediones, n (%) | 294 (52.2) | 247 (53.6) | 47 (46.1) | 1.883 | 0.170 |
Hypoglycemia, n (%) | 72 (12.8) | 58 (12.6) | 14 (13.7) | 0.098 | 0.754 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 127 (33.8) | 143 (31.0) | 46 (45.1) | 7.423 | 0.006 |
Statins medication, n (%) | 209 (37.1) | 170 (36.9) | 39 (38.2) | 0.066 | 0.797 |
Smoking, n (%) | 144 (25.6) | 116 (25.2) | 28 (27.5) | 0.230 | 0.632 |
Drinking, n (%) | 116 (20.6) | 98 (21.3) | 18 (17.6) | 0.666 | 0.415 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.74 (1.09–2.79) | 1.71 (1.08–2.75) | 1.86 (1.19–2.97) | – | 0.355 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.85 ± 1.42 | 4.83 ± 1.32 | 4.93 ± 1.82 | 0.646 | 0.519 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.06 ± 0.27 | 1.07 ± 0.27 | 1.06 ± 0.28 | –  0.207 | 0.836 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.66 ± 0.83 | 2.67 ± 0.82 | 2.60 ± 0.86 | – 0.766 | 0.444 |
Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 285 ± 98 | 286 ± 94 | 277 ± 113 | – 0.886 | 0.376 |
HOMA-IR | 2.86 (2.35–3.49) | 2.72 (2.25–3.34) | 3.41 (2.89–4.13) | – | < 0.001 |
Initial HbA1c (%) | 8.43 ± 1.15 | 8.34 ± 1.11 | 8.81 ± 1.27 | 3.461 | 0.001 |
UACR (mg/g) | 20.1 (12.5–36.4) | 17.2 (11.1–29.5) | 37.2 (25.6–78.8) | – | < 0.001 |
M-HbA1c (%) | 8.85 ± 1.20 | 8.71 ± 1.16 | 9.51 ± 1.14 | 6.309 | < 0.001 |
CV-HbA1c (%) | 14.65 ± 3.32 | 14.22 ± 3.19 | 16.58 ± 3.20 | 6.739 | < 0.001 |