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Table 3 Repeated measures factorial ANOVA assessing cardiac reserve in type 1 (a) and type 2 (b) DM subjects

From: Exercise capacity in diabetes mellitus is predicted by activity status and cardiac size rather than cardiac function: a case control study

 

Rest

Peak

T1DM

Control to T1DM

P value, baseline

Type 1 diabetes

Control to T1DM

P value*, interaction with exercise

(a) Type 1 DM subjects

 LVEF (%)

60 ± 5

62 ± 5

0.50

70 ± 5†

68 ± 4†

0.32

 LVs’ (cm/s)

6.5 ± 0.9

7.1 ± 1.1

0.11

10.6 ± 1.8†

11.5 ± 1.9†

0.12

 LVEDVI (ml/m2)

52 ± 12

61 ± 14

0.11

46 ± 13†

56 ± 15

0.10

 RVFAC (%)

49 ± 5

46 ± 7

0.32

57 ± 7†

55 ± 6†

0.86

 RVs’ (cm/s)

10.5 ± 1.8

11.1 ± 1.5

0.33

17.1 ± 2.3†

18.3 ± 1.8†

0.55

 PASP (mmHg)

24 ± 5

26 ± 4

0.45

53 ± 11†

53 ± 5†

0.27

 CI (l/min/m2)

2.1 ± 0.3

2.5 ± 0.6

0.024

5.2 ± 1.0†

6.2 ± 1.3†

0.43

 HR (bpm)

67 ± 11

66 ± 12

0.93

140 ± 17†

145 ± 9†

0.57

 SVI (ml/m2)

32 ± 6

38 ± 7

0.021

38 ± 8†

43 ± 9†

0.43

 

Rest

Peak

T2DM

Control to T2DM

P value, baseline

T2DM

Control to T2DM

P value*, interaction with exercise

(b) Type 1 DM subjects

 LVEF (%)

59 ± 5

58 ± 6

0.66

68 ± 5†

69 ± 4†

0.73

 LVs’ (cm/s)

5.8 ± 1.2

5.7 ± 1.0

0.76

8.6 ± 1.5†

9.6 ± 2.1†

0.08

 LVEDVI (ml/m2)

49 ± 10

58 ± 16

0.07

46 ± 8†

55 ± 14

0.96

 RVFAC (%)

42 ± 4

45 ± 6

0.18

52 ± 4†

51 ± 4†

0.28

 RVs’ (cm/s)

10.0 ± 1.7

10.3 ± 1.2

0.56

16.1 ± 2.8†

16.7 ± 1.8†

0.66

 PASP (mmHg)

29 ± 6

27 ± 4

0.33

57 ± 10†

54 ± 7†

0.23

 CI (l/min/m2)

2.3 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.5

0.94

4.9 ± 1.0†

5.9 ± 1.4†

0.001

 HR (bpm)

73 ± 13

65 ± 9

0.11

125 ± 18†

130 ± 14†

0.001

 SVI (ml/m2)

32 ± 6

35 ± 4

0.19

40 ± 7†

45 ± 8†

0.60

  1. Values are mean ± SD
  2. Statistically significant differences between DM and control groups are highlighted in italic
  3. LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVs’ LV tissue Doppler septal peak systolic velocity, LVEDVI LV end diastolic volume index, RVFAC right ventricular fractional area change, RVs’ RV tissue Doppler free wall peak systolic velocity, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, CI cardiac index, HR heart rate, SVI stroke volume index
  4. * P value represents the comparison between regressions of multiple measures during exercise with slope coefficients compared between diabetes and control subjects
  5. †P < 0.0001 for peak exercise vs. baseline for individual groups