| Rest | Peak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1DM | Control to T1DM | P value, baseline | Type 1 diabetes | Control to T1DM | P value*, interaction with exercise | |
(a) Type 1 DM subjects | ||||||
 LVEF (%) | 60 ± 5 | 62 ± 5 | 0.50 | 70 ± 5†| 68 ± 4†| 0.32 |
 LVs’ (cm/s) | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 0.11 | 10.6 ± 1.8†| 11.5 ± 1.9†| 0.12 |
 LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 52 ± 12 | 61 ± 14 | 0.11 | 46 ± 13†| 56 ± 15 | 0.10 |
 RVFAC (%) | 49 ± 5 | 46 ± 7 | 0.32 | 57 ± 7†| 55 ± 6†| 0.86 |
 RVs’ (cm/s) | 10.5 ± 1.8 | 11.1 ± 1.5 | 0.33 | 17.1 ± 2.3†| 18.3 ± 1.8†| 0.55 |
 PASP (mmHg) | 24 ± 5 | 26 ± 4 | 0.45 | 53 ± 11†| 53 ± 5†| 0.27 |
 CI (l/min/m2) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 0.024 | 5.2 ± 1.0†| 6.2 ± 1.3†| 0.43 |
 HR (bpm) | 67 ± 11 | 66 ± 12 | 0.93 | 140 ± 17†| 145 ± 9†| 0.57 |
 SVI (ml/m2) | 32 ± 6 | 38 ± 7 | 0.021 | 38 ± 8†| 43 ± 9†| 0.43 |
 | Rest | Peak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2DM | Control to T2DM | P value, baseline | T2DM | Control to T2DM | P value*, interaction with exercise | |
(b) Type 1 DM subjects | ||||||
 LVEF (%) | 59 ± 5 | 58 ± 6 | 0.66 | 68 ± 5†| 69 ± 4†| 0.73 |
 LVs’ (cm/s) | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 0.76 | 8.6 ± 1.5†| 9.6 ± 2.1†| 0.08 |
 LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 49 ± 10 | 58 ± 16 | 0.07 | 46 ± 8†| 55 ± 14 | 0.96 |
 RVFAC (%) | 42 ± 4 | 45 ± 6 | 0.18 | 52 ± 4†| 51 ± 4†| 0.28 |
 RVs’ (cm/s) | 10.0 ± 1.7 | 10.3 ± 1.2 | 0.56 | 16.1 ± 2.8†| 16.7 ± 1.8†| 0.66 |
 PASP (mmHg) | 29 ± 6 | 27 ± 4 | 0.33 | 57 ± 10†| 54 ± 7†| 0.23 |
 CI (l/min/m2) | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.94 | 4.9 ± 1.0†| 5.9 ± 1.4†| 0.001 |
 HR (bpm) | 73 ± 13 | 65 ± 9 | 0.11 | 125 ± 18†| 130 ± 14†| 0.001 |
 SVI (ml/m2) | 32 ± 6 | 35 ± 4 | 0.19 | 40 ± 7†| 45 ± 8†| 0.60 |