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Table 1 Patient demographics

From: Exercise capacity in diabetes mellitus is predicted by activity status and cardiac size rather than cardiac function: a case control study

 

T1DM

T2DM

T1DM (n = 20)

Control to T1DM (n = 10)

P

T2DM (n = 20)

Control to T2DM (n = 10)

P

Age

35 ± 8

35 ± 9

0.99

52 ± 11

51 ± 13

0.8

Male (%)

13 (65)

6 (60)

0.74

16 (80)

7 (70)

0.66

Waist circumference (cm)

89 ± 13

84 ± 7

0.25

103 ± 10

91 ± 9

0.005

BMI (kg/m2)

25.7 ± 3.2

24.7 ± 3.4

0.44

29.3 ± 3.4

24.7 ± 2.9

0.001

BSA (m2)

1.9 ± 0.2

1.9 ± 0.2

0.8

2.1 ± 0.2

2.0 ± 0.2

0.25

HbA1c mmol/mol (%)

65 ± 16 (8.1 ± 3.9)

33 ± 2 (5.1 ± 0.2)

< 0.0001

57 ± 12 (7.4 ± 1.1)

36 ± 3 (5.4 ± 0.2)

< 0.0001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

89 ± 4

88 ± 5

0.54

78 ± 17

87 ± 6

0.15

Urine ACR (mg/mmol)

1.4 ± 2.4

2.7 ± 4

0.30

9.7 ± 18.1

0.8 ± 0.6

0.13

Complications (%)

10 (50)

  

10 (50)

  

 Microalbuminuria (%)

3 (15)

0 (0)

 

8 (40)

0 (0)

 

 Retinopathy (%)

10 (50)

0 (0)

 

5 (25)

0 (0)

 

 Neuropathy (%)

2 (10)

  

1 (5)

  

Diabetes duration (years)

19 ± 10

  

12 ± 7

  

Diabetes therapy

 Insulin (%)

20 (100)

  

11 (55)

  

 Metformin (%)

0 (0)

  

19 (95)

  

 Sulfonylurea (%)

0 (0)

  

5 (25)

  

 GLP1/DPP4-I

0 (0)

  

7 (35)

  

 SGLT2-I

0 (0)

  

2 (10)

  

ACE-I/ARB

4 (20)

  

11 (55)

  

Statin

3 (15)

1 (10)

1.0

14 (70)

2 (20)

0.019

24 h average BP

 Systolic (mmHg)

121 ± 10

116 ± 11

0.21

130 ± 10

127 ± 12

0.53

 Diastolic (mmHg)

74 ± 4

72 ± 6

0.33

79 ± 6

82 ± 9

0.27

Hypertension (%)

3 (15)

0 (0)

0.23

10 (50)

1 (10)

0.049

Smoker

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

3 (15)

0 (0)

0.06

MET hours

34.1 ± 30.5

40.2 ± 51.8

0.69

10.5 ± 12.1

27.8 ± 30.0

0.031

Cardiopulmonary test

 Maximum power (W)

236 ± 100

258 ± 89

0.57

158 ± 46

230 ± 49

< 0.0001

 Power (% predicted)

120 ± 33

122 ± 26

0.87

85 ± 18

115 ± 19

< 0.0001

 Maximum HR (bpm)

170 ± 15

179 ± 13

0.13

154 ± 21

165 ± 15

0.17

 HR (% predicted)

92 ± 7

97 ± 5

0.07

92 ± 11

98 ± 8

0.15

 \(\dot{V}O_{2}\) (ml/min)

2886 ± 877

3238 ± 867

0.31

2341 ± 601

2959 ± 521

0.01

 \(\dot{V}O_{2}\)peak (ml/min/kg)

38 ± 9

43 ± 13

0.20

26 ± 6

38 ± 8

< 0.0001

 \(\dot{V}O_{2}\)peak (% predicted)

99 ± 20

112 ± 31

0.16

88 ± 18

126 ± 33

< 0.0001

 \(\dot{V}{\text{E}}/\dot{V}{\text{CO}}_{2}\)

23 ± 3

22 ± 4

0.43

26 ± 3

23 ± 4

0.06

 RER

1.23 ± 0.10

1.29 ± 0.11

0.17

1.20 ± 0.09

1.23 ± 0.08

0.44

  1. Statistically significant differences are highlighted in italic
  2. BMI body mass index, BSA body surface area, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR albumin-creatinine ratio, GLP1 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, DPP4-I dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, SGLT2-I sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, ACE-I angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, BP blood pressure, MET metabolic equivalent, HR heart rate, \(\dot{V}O_{2}\) volume of oxygen, \(\dot{V}O_{2}\)peak peak oxygen consumption, \(\dot{V}{\text{E}}/\dot{V}{\text{CO}}_{2}\) minute ventilation/volume of carbon dioxide, RER respiratory exchange ratio