Outcome | Glycemic parameter | 12-month glycemic variability | 24-month glycemic variability | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | Model 3 HR (95% CI) | Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | Model 3 HR (95% CI) | ||
Retinopathy (incident or worsening) n = 152 | FG-SD | 2.78 (1.84–4.21)* | 1.66 (1.04–2.65)‡ | 1.17 (0.69–1.98) | 3.24 (2.14–4.92)* | 1.89 (1.18–3.02)†| 1.36 (0.79–2.33) |
FG-VC | 2.47 (1.64–3.71)* | 1.50 (0.96–2.33) | 1.31 (0.82–2.09) | 2.47 (1.64–3.70)* | 1.45 (0.93–2.25) | 1.23 (0.77–1.96) | |
HbA1c-SD | 2.59 (1.70–3.94)* | 1.68 (1.07–2.64)‡ | 1.13 (0.66–1.95) | 3.02 (1.96–4.65)* | 2.01 (1.26–3.19)†| 1.44 (0.84–2.46) | |
HbA1c-VC | 2.03 (1.34–3.06)†| 1.50 (0.98–2.31) | 1.16 (0.74–1.84) | 2.47 (1.62–3.76)* | 1.82 (1.17–2.84)†| 1.41 (0.88–2.26) | |
Composite renal outcome n = 183 | FG-SD | 1.87 (1.29–2.71)†| 1.52 (1.00–2.31) | 1.32 (0.82–2.13) | 2.18 (1.50–3.17)* | 1.88 (1.23–2.87)†| 1.66 (1.03–2.67)‡ |
FG-VC | 1.69 (1.17–2.45)†| 1.49 (0.99–2.22) | 1.39 (0.91–2.12) | 1.84 (1.28–2.66)†| 1.66 (1.12–2.51)‡ | 1.60 (1.05–1.43)‡ | |
HbA1c-SD | 1.52 (1.06–2.17)‡ | 1.23 (0.84–1.81) | 1.00 (0.62–1.59) | 1.68 (1.18–2.39)†| 1.38 (0.94–2.02) | 1.14 (0.72–1.81) | |
HbA1c-VC | 1.42 (1.00–2.02)‡ | 1.22 (0.85–1.76) | 1.06 (0.72–1.58) | 1.56 (1.10–2.21)‡ | 1.35 (0.93–1.94) | 1.16 (0.79–1.72) | |
Microalbuminuria (incident) n = 89 | FG-SD | 1.66 (0.98–2.81) | 1.67 (0.93–2.98) | 1.60 (0.81–3.13) | 1.70 (1.00–2.90)‡ | 1.78 (0.98–3.22) | 1.64 (0.81–3.33) |
FG-VC | 1.32 (0.78–2.25) | 1.37 (0.77–2.42) | 1.31 (0.73–2.37) | 1.63 (0.96–2.78) | 1.85 (1.03–3.30)‡ | 1.80 (0.98–3.30) | |
HbA1c-SD | 1.10 (0.66–1.83) | 1.04 (0.60–1.81) | 0.80 (0.40–1.60) | 1.31 (0.79–2.18) | 1.28 (0.74–2.22) | 1.06 (0.54–2.11) | |
HbA1c-VC | 1.09 (0.65–1.81) | 1.05 (0.62–1.79) | 0.90 (0.50–1.63) | 1.32 (0.79–2.19) | 1.27 (0.74–2.19) | 1.09 (0.59–2.01) | |
Renal failure n = 91 | FG-SD | 2.70 (1.54–4.72)* | 1.70 (0.90–3.20) | 1.36 (0.67–2.77) | 3.63 (2.05–6.45)* | 2.14 (1.13–4.07)‡ | 1.75 (0.86–3.54) |
FG-VC | 2.56 (1.46–4.50)* | 1.86 (1.01–3.44)‡ | 1.63 (0.86–3.08) | 2.67 (1.56–4.59)* | 1.71 (0.95–3.09) | 1.57 (0.85–2.88) | |
HbA1c-SD | 3.40 (1.95–5.92)* | 2.34 (1.29–4.24)†| 2.12 (1.05–4.27)‡ | 3.12 (1.82–5.37)* | 2.13 (1.19–3.81)‡ | 1.78 (0.91–3.49) | |
HbA1c-VC | 2.43 (1.43–4.11)* | 1.91 (1.10–3.30)‡ | 1.66 (0.92–2.98) | 2.38 (1.42–4.01)* | 1.78 (1.03–3.08)‡ | 1.50 (0.84–2.67) | |
Peripheral neuropathy (incident or worsening) n = 96 | FG-SD | 2.50 (1.35–4.62)†| 1.45 (0.70–3.00) | 1.05 (0.46–2.41) | 2.82 (1.54–5.13)* | 1.73 (0.85–3.50) | 1.35 (0.60–3.03) |
FG-VC | 3.45 (1.77–6.72)* | 2.52 (1.17–5.39)‡ | 2.02 (0.91–4.45) | 3.60 (1.91–6.79)* | 2.82 (1.36–5.87)†| 2.33 (1.09–4.97)‡ | |
HbA1c-SD | 2.07 (1.16–3.77)‡ | 1.35 (0.69–2.68) | 0.76 (0.33–1.75) | 2.14 (1.18–3.90)‡ | 1.39 (0.70–2.77) | 0.79 (0.34–1.79) | |
HbA1c-VC | 1.82 (1.00–3.34)‡ | 1.34 (0.69–2.62) | 0.97 (0.47–2.01) | 2.38 (1.29–4.39)†| 1.63 (0.83–3.22) | 1.20 (0.57–2.50) | |
Peripheral neuropathy (incident) n = 42 | FG-SD | 2.04 (0.90–4.62) | 1.46 (0.54–3.95) | 0.99 (0.31–3.16) | 1.78 (0.80–3.97) | 1.15 (0.44–2.99) | 0.73 (0.24–2.25) |
FG-VC | 2.56 (1.07–6.13)‡ | 2.13 (0.78–5.81) | 1.80 (0.64–5.07) | 2.46 (1.05–5.78)‡ | 2.18 (0.83–5.72) | 1.88 (0.69–5.13) | |
HbA1c-SD | 2.17 (0.98–4.79) | 1.55 (0.62–3.85) | 1.07 (0.35–3.33) | 2.21 (1.00–4.89)‡ | 1.59 (0.64–3.94) | 1.15 (0.37–3.52) | |
HbA1c-VC | 2.78 (1.16–6.67)‡ | 2.14 (0.82–5.58) | 1.73 (0.61–4.94) | 3.06 (1.28–7.23)‡ | 2.22 (0.86–5.75) | 1.85 (0.66–5.18) |