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Table 3 Univariable Cox regression analysis for primary composite endpoint in 254 elderly asymptomatic patients with T2DM

From: Association of depression with evolution of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

 

HR (95% CI)

p value

Demographic and clinical characteristics

 Age

1.06 (0.99, 1.32)

0.064

 Male gender (yes/no)

1.81 (0.92, 3.56)

0.086

 Weight

1.04 (1.02, 1.05)

< 0.001

 BMI

1.10 (1.06, 1.15)

< 0.001

 Waist circumference

1.05 (1.03, 1.08)

< 0.001

 Obesity (yes/no)

3.61 (1.76, 7.39)

< 0.001

 Heart rate

0.99 (0.97, 1.03)

0.727

 Systolic blood pressure

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

0.314

 Diastolic blood pressure

0.90 (0.99, 1.03)

0.895

 Hypertension (yes/no)

1.07 (0.52, 2.19)

0.854

 Family history of HF (yes/no)

0.70 (0.33, 1.47)

0.349

 Past chemotherapy (yes/no)

1.54 (0.60, 3.93)

0.536

 Past heart disease (yes/no)

1.46 (0.45, 4.74)

0.529

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

1.03 (1.01, 1.06)

0.009

 HbA1c > 64 mmol/mol (n, %)

3.27 (1.66, 6.43)

0.001

Medication

 Insulin (yes/no)

1.77 (0.92, 3.39)

0.086

 Metformin (yes/no)

0.72 (0.38, 1.36)

0.310

 ACEi/ARB (yes/no)

1.12 (0.57, 2.20)

0.749

 Beta-blockers (yes/no)

3.25 (1.36, 7.77)

0.008

 Calcium antagonists (yes/no)

0.50 (0.21, 1.18)

0.114

 Diuretics (yes/no)

0.91 (0.33, 2.65)

0.909

 Lipid lowering med (yes/no)

1.32 (0.71, 2.48)

0.382

Questionnaire

 PHQ-9 score (continuous)

1.08 (1.01, 1.16)

0.021

 PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 (yes/no)

3.21 (1.41, 7.30)

0.005

 PHQ-9 score (categorical)

  

 0–4

Ref

 

 5–9

0.58 (0.18, 1.89)

0.362

 ≥ 10

3.01 (1.32, 6.89)

0.009

Echocardiography

 LV ejection fraction

0.95 (0.90, 0.99)

0.018

 Mitral early-diastolic inflow velocity (E wave)

3.46 (0.54, 22.39)

0.192

 Mitral late-diastolic inflow velocity (A wave)

1.81 (0.32, 10.31)

0.503

 Transmitral diastolic flow velocity ratio (E/A)

0.92 (0.16, 5.31)

0.929

 Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′)

1.05 (0.86, 1.28)

0.644

 Mitral E/e′ septal–lateral ratio

1.05 (0.94, 1.17)

0.437

 E/e′ ratio > 13 (yes/no)

1.04 (0.37, 2.94)

0.934

 Deceleration time (DT)

0.99 (0.99, 1.00)

0.363

 LV mass index (g/m2)

1.03 (1.02, 1.04)

< 0.001

 LV mass index (g/m1.7)

1.03 (1.02, 1.04)

< 0.001

 LV hypertrophy (yes/no)a

3.92 (2.04, 7.52)

< 0.001

  1. Italic values indicate significant associations
  2. aLV hypertrophy was defined as LVMi > 115 g/m2 for males, > 95 g/m2 for females