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Table 1 Baseline characteristics (demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, physiologic) of 274 elderly asymptomatic patients with T2DM

From: Association of depression with evolution of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Demographic and clinical characteristics

 Age (years)

71 ± 4.4

 Male gender (n, %)

150 (54.7)

 Weight (kg)

85.8 ± 17.2

 Height (cm)

168.4 ± 10.0

 BMI (kg/m2)

30.3 ± 5.9

 Waist circumference (cm)

103.2 ± 13.3

 Obesity (n, %)

135 (49.3)

 Heart rate (n/min)

69 ± 11

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

139 ± 15

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

81 ± 10

 Hypertension (n, %)

204 (74.4)

 Family history of HF (n, %)

80 (29.2)

 Past chemotherapy (n, %)

25 (9.1)

 Past heart disease (n, %)

16 (5.8)

Medication

 Insulin (n, %)

65 (23.7)

 Metformin (n, %)

184 (67.2)

 ACEi/ARB (n, %)

183 (66.8)

 Beta-blockers (n, %)

15 (5.5)

 Calcium antagonists (n, %)

64 (23.4)

 Diuretics (n, %)

31 (11.3)

 Lipid lowering meds (n, %)

133 (48.5)

Questionnaire

 PHQ-9 score

3.2 ± 4.3

 0–4

210 (76.7)

 5–9

37 (13.5)

 10–20

25 (9.1)

 ≥ 20

2 (0.7)

Echocardiography

 LV ejection fraction (%)

63.1 ± 6.4

 Mitral early-diastolic inflow velocity (E wave) (m/s)

0.65 ± 0.17

 Mitral late-diastolic inflow velocity (A wave) (m/s)

0.83 ± 0.19

 Transmitral diastolic flow velocity ratio (E/A)

0.79 ± 0.22

 Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′) (m/s)

0.08 ± 0.02

 Mitral E/e′ septal–lateral ratio (E/e′)

9.2 ± 2.8

 E/e′ ratio > 13 (n, %)

29 (10.6)

 Deceleration time (DT) (s)

246.8 ± 52.4

 LV mass index (g/m2)

85.7 ± 19.0

 LV mass index (g/m1.7)

74.4 ± 20.8

 LV hypertrophy (n, %)a

36 (13.2)

Biochemical characteristics

 HbA1c (mmol/mol) (n = 274)

53.5 ± 10.1

 Fasting glucose (µmol/L) (n = 109)

8.3 ± 3.5

 Creatinine (µmol/L) (n = 186)

81.3 ± 24.0

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (n = 187)

 ≥ 90

37 (19.8)

 60–89

115 (61.5)

 45–59

25 (13.4)

 30–44

9 (4.8)

 15–29

1 (0.5)

  1. aLV hypertrophy was defined as LVMi > 115 g/m2 for males, > 95 g/m2 for female