From: Association of depression with evolution of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Demographic and clinical characteristics | |
Age (years) | 71 ± 4.4 |
Male gender (n, %) | 150 (54.7) |
Weight (kg) | 85.8 ± 17.2 |
Height (cm) | 168.4 ± 10.0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.3 ± 5.9 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 103.2 ± 13.3 |
Obesity (n, %) | 135 (49.3) |
Heart rate (n/min) | 69 ± 11 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 139 ± 15 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81 ± 10 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 204 (74.4) |
Family history of HF (n, %) | 80 (29.2) |
Past chemotherapy (n, %) | 25 (9.1) |
Past heart disease (n, %) | 16 (5.8) |
Medication | |
Insulin (n, %) | 65 (23.7) |
Metformin (n, %) | 184 (67.2) |
ACEi/ARB (n, %) | 183 (66.8) |
Beta-blockers (n, %) | 15 (5.5) |
Calcium antagonists (n, %) | 64 (23.4) |
Diuretics (n, %) | 31 (11.3) |
Lipid lowering meds (n, %) | 133 (48.5) |
Questionnaire | |
PHQ-9 score | 3.2 ± 4.3 |
0–4 | 210 (76.7) |
5–9 | 37 (13.5) |
10–20 | 25 (9.1) |
≥ 20 | 2 (0.7) |
Echocardiography | |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 63.1 ± 6.4 |
Mitral early-diastolic inflow velocity (E wave) (m/s) | 0.65 ± 0.17 |
Mitral late-diastolic inflow velocity (A wave) (m/s) | 0.83 ± 0.19 |
Transmitral diastolic flow velocity ratio (E/A) | 0.79 ± 0.22 |
Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′) (m/s) | 0.08 ± 0.02 |
Mitral E/e′ septal–lateral ratio (E/e′) | 9.2 ± 2.8 |
E/e′ ratio > 13 (n, %) | 29 (10.6) |
Deceleration time (DT) (s) | 246.8 ± 52.4 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 85.7 ± 19.0 |
LV mass index (g/m1.7) | 74.4 ± 20.8 |
LV hypertrophy (n, %)a | 36 (13.2) |
Biochemical characteristics | |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) (n = 274) | 53.5 ± 10.1 |
Fasting glucose (µmol/L) (n = 109) | 8.3 ± 3.5 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) (n = 186) | 81.3 ± 24.0 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (n = 187) | |
≥ 90 | 37 (19.8) |
60–89 | 115 (61.5) |
45–59 | 25 (13.4) |
30–44 | 9 (4.8) |
15–29 | 1 (0.5) |