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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of study patients

From: p66Shc gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and progression of diabetic complications

Variable

All patients

Low p66Shc expression

High p66Shc expression

p value

Demographics

 Number

100

51

49

 Age, (years)

61.8 ± 10.8

62.1 ± 12.1

61.4 ± 9.4

0.823

 Sex male, (%)

60

55

65

0.293

Diabetes data

 Type 1/type 2, (%)

16/84

20/80

12/88

0.320

 Diabetes duration, (years)

10.2 ± 8.0

10.4 ± 8.1

10.1 ± 7.9

0.866

 HbA1c,  % (mmol/mol)

7.8 ± 1.6 (62 ± 13)

8.0 ± 1.6 (64 ± 13)

7.7 ± 1.6 (61 ± 13)

0.376

 Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L)

173.5 ± 63.8 (9.6 ± 3.5)

180.3 ± 70.6 (10.0 ± 3.9)

166.7 ± 55.9 (9.3 ± 3.1)

0.293

Concomitant risk factors

 BMI, (kg/m2)

29.0 ± 4.7

29.4 ± 4.9

28.5 ± 4.6

0.377

 Waist circumference, (cm)

102.4 ± 14.1

103.9 ± 13.6

100.9 ± 14.6

0.300

 Current smoking, (%)

11

12

10

0.805

 Hypertension, (%)

70

78

61

0.061

 Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg)

137.4 ± 18.8

140.3 ± 18.0

134.5 ± 19.3

0.123

 Diastolic blood pressure, (mmHg)

80.3 ± 9.5

82.0 ± 9.7

78.6 ± 9.0

0.073

 Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mmol/L)

184.6 ± 38.3 (4.7 ± 1.0)

184.5 ± 35.9 (4.7 ± 0.9)

184.8 ± 41.0 (4.7 ± 1.1)

0.968

 HDL cholesterol, mg/dL (mmol/L)

52.4 ± 16.7 (1.3 ± 0.4)

51.8 ± 15.0 (1.3 ± 0.4)

53.0 ± 18.7 (1.4 ± 0.5)

0.722

 LDL cholesterol, mg/dL (mmol/L)

108.0 ± 32.0 (2.8 ± 0.8)

106.4 ± 29.2 (2.7 ± 0.7)

110.0 ± 35.0 (2.8 ± 0.9)

0.598

 Triglycerides, mg/dL (mmol/L)

121.0 ± 59.9 (1.4 ± 0.7)

131.6 ± 67.6 (1.5 ± 0.8)

110.1 ± 49.0 (1.2 ± 0.6)

0.073

Macroangiopathy

 Coronary artery disease, (%)

14

16

12

0.624

 Peripheral arterial disease, (%)

12

14

10

0.592

 Ankle-brachial index

1.18 ± 0.20

1.18 ± 0.20

1.17 ± 0.19

0.705

 Cerebrovascular disease, (%)

51

47

55

0.426

 Max carotid IMT, mm

0.94 ± 0.23

0.95 ± 0.21

0.93 ± 0.25

0.725

 Max carotid stenosis, (%)

15.1 ± 7.3

14.4 ± 17.8

15.9 ± 16.9

0.665

 Cardiac systolic dysfunction, (%)

5

8

2

0.187

 Cardiac diastolic dysfunction, (%)

35

33

27

0.463

 At least one macroangiopathy, (%)

62

65

59

0.574

Microangiopathy

 Retinopathy, (%)

29

33

20

0.149

 Autonomic neuropathy, (%)

12

12

12

0.942

 Somatic neuropathy, (%)

28

22

35

0.147

 Albumin-creatinine ratio, (mg/g)

80.3 ± 212.6

116.3 ± 289.4

43.5 ± 76.2

0.089

 Albuminuria > 30 mg/g, (%)

37

39

33

0.537

 Serum creatinine, (µmol/L)

81.7 ± 17.7

82.9 ± 20.7

80.4 ± 14.0

0.473

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

82.2 ± 18.5

80.3 ± 19.7

84.1 ± 17.2

0.309

 CKD stage III or higher, (%)

14

17

10

0.390

 At least one microangiopathy, (%)

76

80

71

0.299

Glucose lowering therapies (%)

 Insulin

37

37

37

0.958

 Metformin

63

63

63

0.958

 Sulphonylurea

27

37

16

0.024*

 Repaglinide

9

8

10

0.684

 Thiazolidinedione

2

4

0

0.165

 DPP-4 inhibitors

8

8

8

0.954

 GLP-1 receptor agonist

1

0

2

0.310

Other therapies (%)

 ACE inhibitor/ARB

64

71

57

0.165

 Other pressure lowering drugs

51

65

37

0.009*

 Aspirin

45

49

41

0.415

 Statin

56

61

51

0.330

  1. Patients were divided into equal groups based on the median value of baseline p66Shc expression (low vs high)
  2. * Not significant after Bonferroni correction