Variable | All patients | Low p66Shc expression | High p66Shc expression | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Number | 100 | 51 | 49 | – |
Age, (years) | 61.8 ± 10.8 | 62.1 ± 12.1 | 61.4 ± 9.4 | 0.823 |
Sex male, (%) | 60 | 55 | 65 | 0.293 |
Diabetes data | ||||
Type 1/type 2, (%) | 16/84 | 20/80 | 12/88 | 0.320 |
Diabetes duration, (years) | 10.2 ± 8.0 | 10.4 ± 8.1 | 10.1 ± 7.9 | 0.866 |
HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 7.8 ± 1.6 (62 ± 13) | 8.0 ± 1.6 (64 ± 13) | 7.7 ± 1.6 (61 ± 13) | 0.376 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 173.5 ± 63.8 (9.6 ± 3.5) | 180.3 ± 70.6 (10.0 ± 3.9) | 166.7 ± 55.9 (9.3 ± 3.1) | 0.293 |
Concomitant risk factors | ||||
BMI, (kg/m2) | 29.0 ± 4.7 | 29.4 ± 4.9 | 28.5 ± 4.6 | 0.377 |
Waist circumference, (cm) | 102.4 ± 14.1 | 103.9 ± 13.6 | 100.9 ± 14.6 | 0.300 |
Current smoking, (%) | 11 | 12 | 10 | 0.805 |
Hypertension, (%) | 70 | 78 | 61 | 0.061 |
Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 137.4 ± 18.8 | 140.3 ± 18.0 | 134.5 ± 19.3 | 0.123 |
Diastolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 80.3 ± 9.5 | 82.0 ± 9.7 | 78.6 ± 9.0 | 0.073 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 184.6 ± 38.3 (4.7 ± 1.0) | 184.5 ± 35.9 (4.7 ± 0.9) | 184.8 ± 41.0 (4.7 ± 1.1) | 0.968 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 52.4 ± 16.7 (1.3 ± 0.4) | 51.8 ± 15.0 (1.3 ± 0.4) | 53.0 ± 18.7 (1.4 ± 0.5) | 0.722 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 108.0 ± 32.0 (2.8 ± 0.8) | 106.4 ± 29.2 (2.7 ± 0.7) | 110.0 ± 35.0 (2.8 ± 0.9) | 0.598 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL (mmol/L) | 121.0 ± 59.9 (1.4 ± 0.7) | 131.6 ± 67.6 (1.5 ± 0.8) | 110.1 ± 49.0 (1.2 ± 0.6) | 0.073 |
Macroangiopathy | ||||
Coronary artery disease, (%) | 14 | 16 | 12 | 0.624 |
Peripheral arterial disease, (%) | 12 | 14 | 10 | 0.592 |
Ankle-brachial index | 1.18 ± 0.20 | 1.18 ± 0.20 | 1.17 ± 0.19 | 0.705 |
Cerebrovascular disease, (%) | 51 | 47 | 55 | 0.426 |
Max carotid IMT, mm | 0.94 ± 0.23 | 0.95 ± 0.21 | 0.93 ± 0.25 | 0.725 |
Max carotid stenosis, (%) | 15.1 ± 7.3 | 14.4 ± 17.8 | 15.9 ± 16.9 | 0.665 |
Cardiac systolic dysfunction, (%) | 5 | 8 | 2 | 0.187 |
Cardiac diastolic dysfunction, (%) | 35 | 33 | 27 | 0.463 |
At least one macroangiopathy, (%) | 62 | 65 | 59 | 0.574 |
Microangiopathy | ||||
Retinopathy, (%) | 29 | 33 | 20 | 0.149 |
Autonomic neuropathy, (%) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 0.942 |
Somatic neuropathy, (%) | 28 | 22 | 35 | 0.147 |
Albumin-creatinine ratio, (mg/g) | 80.3 ± 212.6 | 116.3 ± 289.4 | 43.5 ± 76.2 | 0.089 |
Albuminuria > 30 mg/g, (%) | 37 | 39 | 33 | 0.537 |
Serum creatinine, (µmol/L) | 81.7 ± 17.7 | 82.9 ± 20.7 | 80.4 ± 14.0 | 0.473 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 82.2 ± 18.5 | 80.3 ± 19.7 | 84.1 ± 17.2 | 0.309 |
CKD stage III or higher, (%) | 14 | 17 | 10 | 0.390 |
At least one microangiopathy, (%) | 76 | 80 | 71 | 0.299 |
Glucose lowering therapies (%) | ||||
Insulin | 37 | 37 | 37 | 0.958 |
Metformin | 63 | 63 | 63 | 0.958 |
Sulphonylurea | 27 | 37 | 16 | 0.024* |
Repaglinide | 9 | 8 | 10 | 0.684 |
Thiazolidinedione | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0.165 |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 8 | 8 | 8 | 0.954 |
GLP-1 receptor agonist | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.310 |
Other therapies (%) | ||||
ACE inhibitor/ARB | 64 | 71 | 57 | 0.165 |
Other pressure lowering drugs | 51 | 65 | 37 | 0.009* |
Aspirin | 45 | 49 | 41 | 0.415 |
Statin | 56 | 61 | 51 | 0.330 |