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Table 2 Association between baseline sex-specific SMI tertiles and incidence of metabolic syndrome (Cox model) (N = 14,830)

From: Increase in relative skeletal muscle mass over time and its inverse association with metabolic syndrome development: a 7-year retrospective cohort study

 

Lowest tertile

(n = 4943)

Middle tertile

(n = 4944)

Highest tertile

(n = 4943)

P for trend

Referent

HR

95% CI

P value

HR

95% CI

P value

Model 1

1

0.56

0.52, 0.61

< 0.001

0.26

0.24, 0.29

< 0.001

< 0.001

Model 2

1

0.58

0.54, 0.63

< 0.001

0.28

0.25, 0.31

< 0.001

< 0.001

Model 3

1

0.91

0.83, 0.99

0.026

0.63

0.56, 0.70

< 0.001

< 0.001

Model 4

1

0.88

0.81, 0.97

0.006

0.60

0.54, 0.68

< 0.001

< 0.001

Subgroup analysesa

 Sex

    

P for interaction = 0.923

  Men (n = 8476)

1

0.91

0.82, 1.01

0.088

0.65

0.57, 0.75

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Women (n = 6354)

1

0.87

0.73, 1.03

0.099

0.56

0.44, 0.70

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Family history of diabetes

    

P for interaction = 0.954

  Absence (n = 13,279)

1

0.91

0.83, 0.99

0.037

0.62

0.55, 0.70

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Presence (n = 1551)

1

0.81

0.61, 1.08

0.144

0.47

0.31, 0.70

< 0.001

0.001

 Smoking status

     

P for interaction = 0.314

  Never (n = 8278)

1

0.86

0.75, 0.98

0.022

0.54

0.44, 0.65

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Past (n = 4078)

1

0.85

0.73, 0.99

0.039

0.63

0.52, 0.78

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Present (n = 2474)

1

0.95

0.80, 1.14

0.603

0.73

0.57, 0.92

0.009

0.023

 Exercise

     

P for interaction = 0.325

  Never (n = 12,593)

1

0.87

0.79, 0.96

0.005

0.62

0.54, 0.70

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Regular (n = 2237)

1

0.99

0.79, 1.24

0.940

0.50

0.35, 0.70

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Obesity

     

P for interaction < 0.001

  Absence (n = 10,925)

1

0.77

0.68, 0.87

< 0.001

0.56

0.47, 0.66

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Presence (n = 3905)

1

1.04

0.91, 1.18

0.568

0.97

0.85, 1.12

0.698

0.603

      

P for interaction = 0.062

 Age ≤ 50 (n = 8017)

1

0.92

0.81, 1.05

0.232

0.60

0.50, 0.72

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Age > 50 (n = 6813)

1

0.83

0.74, 0.94

0.002

0.63

0.54, 0.73

< 0.001

< 0.001

 IFG

     

P for interaction = 0.007

  Absence (n = 13,129)

1

0.87

0.79, 0.96

0.006

0.59

0.51, 0.67

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Presence (n = 1701)

1

0.91

0.74, 1.13

0.399

0.58

0.44, 0.77

< 0.001

< 0.001

      

P for interaction = 0.019

 HOMA-IRb ≤ 2.5 (n = 7957)

1

0.94

0.82, 1.07

0.344

0.71

0.59, 0.84

< 0.001

< 0.001

 HOMA-IR > 2.5 (n = 2006)

1

1.14

0.95, 1.37

0.158

0.80

0.64, 1.00

0.053

0.002

  1. Model 1: crude
  2. Model 2: Model 1 + further adjusted for age
  3. Model 3: Model 2 + further adjusted for BMI
  4. Model 4: Model 3 + further adjusted for family history of diabetes, smoking status, regular exercise, eGFR, and CRP
  5. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HR hazard ratio, IFG impaired fasting glucose, SMI skeletal muscle mass index
  6. aSubgroup analyses were adjusted for Model 4
  7. bA total of 9963 subjects were analyzed due to missing HOMA-IR values
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840