Table 1 Characteristics of the study patients before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics | Before matching | After matching | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linagliptin (n = 401) | Control (n = 17,227) | P | Control (n = 802) | P | |
Age, years | 69.6 ± 10.9 | 70.0 ± 11.1 | .525 | 69.1 ± 11.3 | .415 |
Age ≥ 75 years | 143 (35.7) | 6216 (36.1) | .862 | 263 (32.8) | .321 |
Gender | Â | Â | .081 | Â | .744 |
 Male | 216 (53.9) | 10,029 (58.2) |  | 424 (52.9) |  |
 Female | 185 (46.1) | 7198 (41.8) |  | 378 (47.1) |  |
T2DM duration, years | 12.9 ± 3.5 | 11.7 ± 3.9 | < .001 | 12.8 ± 3.4 | .922 |
T2DM duration group (years) | Â | Â | <Â .001 | Â | .825 |
 0–5 | 20 (5.0) | 1508 (8.8) |  | 38 (4.7) |  |
 6–10 | 54 (13.5) | 3064 (17.8) |  | 121 (15.1) |  |
 11–15 | 212 (52.9) | 9425 (54.7) |  | 405 (50.5) |  |
 > 15 | 115 (28.7) | 3230 (18.8) |  | 238 (29.7) |  |
Comorbidity | |||||
 Old myocardial infarction | 45 (11.2) | 1524 (8.8) | .099 | 83 (10.3) | .643 |
 Old ischemic stroke | 101 (25.2) | 4837 (28.1) | .203 | 229 (28.6) | .217 |
 Heart failure | 70 (17.5) | 2467 (14.3) | .077 | 129 (16.1) | .546 |
 Venous thromboembolism | 11 (2.7) | 241 (1.4) | .025 | 21 (2.6) | .899 |
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | Â | Â | <Â .001 | Â | .469 |
  None | 207 (51.6) | 11,642 (67.6) |  | 444 (55.4) |  |
  Non-dialysis CKD | 161 (40.2) | 4479 (26.0) |  | 298 (37.1) |  |
  Dialysis | 33 (8.2) | 1106 (6.4) |  | 60 (7.5) |  |
 Gout | 34 (8.5) | 1506 (8.7) | .854 | 70 (8.7) | .885 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 35 (8.7) | 1521 (8.8) | .944 | 54 (6.7) | .213 |
 Peripheral arterial disease | 28 (7.0) | 1058 (6.1) | .489 | 59 (7.4) | .813 |
 Hypertension | 337 (84.0) | 13,851 (80.4) | .069 | 682 (85.0) | .650 |
 Dyslipidemia | 186 (46.4) | 6534 (37.9) | .001 | 350 (43.6) | .367 |
 COPD | 30 (7.5) | 1534 (8.9) | .322 | 63 (7.9) | .819 |
 Malignancy | 25 (6.2) | 1269 (7.4) | .390 | 58 (7.2) | .520 |
 Cirrhosis | 8 (2.0) | 356 (2.1) | .921 | 16 (2.0) | 1.000 |
 Autoimmune disease | 15 (3.7) | 280 (1.6) | .001 | 34 (4.2) | .680 |
Previous treatment | |||||
 PCI | 58 (14.5) | 2110 (12.2) | .182 | 112 (14.0) | .815 |
 CABG | 18 (4.5) | 419 (2.4) | .009 | 36 (4.5) | 1.000 |