Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes

n (%)

118

72 (61.1)

34 (28.8)

12 (10.2)

Age (years)

59.6 ± 8.8

59.5 ± 9.4

60.5 ± 8.4

57.7 ± 5.6

Female

62 (52.54)

38 (52.3)

19 (55.9)

5 (41.7)

BMI (kg/m²)

32.8 ± 7.0

32.8 ± 7.0

33.3 ± 7.6

31.2 ± 4.8

Systolic BP (mmHg)

131.2 ± 1.5

128.0 ± 14.5

136.4 ± 15.5

136.2 ± 13.6

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

75.1 ± 1.4

74.7 ± 11.2

76.0 ± 21.2

75.4 ± 8.0

Heart rate (bpm)

79.2 ± 1.3

77.3 ± 12.3

82.4 ± 12.0

82.4 ± 12.3

Diabetes duration (years)

12.8 ± 9.3

11.3 ± 8.7

13.3 ± 9.3

19.9 ± 9.5*

Retinopathy

34 (31.5)

13 (20.0)

13 (41.9)

8 (66.7)*

Former or current smoking

25 (21.2)

18 (25)

6 (17.7)

1 (8.3)

Hypertension

105 (88.98)

62 (86.1)

31 (91.2)

12 (100)

Family history of cardiovascular disease

17 (14.4)

9 (12.5)

7 (20.6)

1 (8.3)

Number of cardiovascular risk factor

3.2 ± 0.6

3.1 ± 0.6

3.2 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 0.4

HbA1c (%)

8.4 ± 1.8

8.2 ± 1.7

8.4 ± 1.6

9.9 ± 1.8*

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.3 ± 1.0

4.3 ± 1.0

4.3 ± 1.1

4.5 ± 1.2

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.9 (1.6–2.2)

17 (1.4–2.2)

1.9 (1.3–2.5)

3.0 (2.0–3.9)*

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.2 ± 0.37

1.2 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.2

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.4 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 1.3

2.3 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 0.9

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m)

81.1 ± 24.4

83.8 ± 20.8

83.5 ± 24.7

58.6 ± 32.5*

ACR (mg/mmol)

17.8 (7.3–28.3)

1.2 (1.1–1.43)

10.0 (7.1–12.9)

139.0 (57.0–221.0)*

RAAS blockers

81 (73.6)

48 (69.6)

22 (73.3)

12 (100)*

Beta-blockers

27 (25)

14 (20.6)

7 (24.1)

6 (54.6)

Anti platelet agents

45 (42.1)

26 (38.8)

10 (35.7)

9 (75)

Statins

88 (80)

50 (74.6)

26 (83.9)

12 (100)*

Metformine

96 (85.7)

59 (86.8)

29 (90.6)

8 (66.7)

Sulfonylureas

45 (42.5)

29 (44.6)

14 (46.7)

2 (18.2)

DPP4 inhibitors

28 (26.7)

14 (21.5)

11 (37.9)

3 (27.3)

GLP1 analogs

14 (13.5)

8 (12.5)

5 (17.2)

1 (9.1)

Insulin

66 (60)

36 (53.7)

18 (58.1)

12 (100)*