Table 1 Participant characteristics (frequency (%) unless otherwise noted), overall and by diabetes status
|  | Overall (n = 8660) | Diabetes status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never diabetes (n = 7241) | Baseline diabetes (n = 536) | Incident diabetes by: | ||||
Visit 2 (n = 375) | Visit 3 (n = 260) | Visit 4 (n = 248) | ||||
Baseline age (mean (SD)) | 53.89 (5.65) | 53.79 (5.65) | 55.20 (5.76) | 54.40 (5.68) | 53.66 (5.59) | 53.61 (5.17) |
Sex | ||||||
 Female | 4873 (56.3%) | 4150 (57.3%) | 277 (51.7%) | 200 (53.3%) | 126 (48.5%) | 120 (48.4%) |
 Male | 3787 (43.7%) | 3091 (42.7%) | 259 (48.3%) | 175 (46.7%) | 134 (51.5%) | 128 (51.6%) |
Race | ||||||
 Black | 1464 (16.9%) | 1121 (15.5%) | 115 (21.5%) | 104 (27.7%) | 61 (23.5%) | 63 (25.4%) |
 White | 7196 (83.1%) | 6120 (84.5%) | 421 (78.5%) | 271 (72.3%) | 199 (76.5%) | 185 (74.6%) |
ATP-III MetS at baseline | 2967 (34.26%) | 1952 (26.96%) | 415 (77.43%) | 267 (71.20%) | 168 (64.62%) | 165 (66.53%) |
Baseline values (mean (SD)): | ||||||
 MetS z-score | 0.16 (0.91) | − 0.03 (0.73) | 1.75 (1.42) | 0.78 (0.69) | 0.67 (0.69) | 0.66 (0.64) |
 MetS score (no glucose) | 0.05 (0.77) | − 0.05 (0.74) | 0.72 (0.79) | 0.51 (0.73) | 0.47 (0.68) | 0.51 (0.69) |
 Waist circumference | 95.80 (13.31) | 94.03 (12.51) | 105.88 (14.00) | 104.87 (13.43) | 103.18 (13.74) | 104.45 (12.57) |
 Systolic blood pressure | 120.75 (18.31) | 119.19 (17.81) | 130.40 (18.84) | 127.99 (18.50) | 128.26 (19.68) | 126.42 (17.86) |
 Triglycerides | 126.41 (80.57) | 118.65 (71.06) | 188.47 (137.08) | 153.58 (87.71) | 148.48 (78.41) | 154.66 (90.77) |
 HDL-cholesterol | 52.48 (16.71) | 53.89 (16.87) | 44.44 (13.60) | 46.29 (14.03) | 45.62 (13.12) | 45.23 (14.40) |
 Fasting glucose | 101.94 (22.17) | 97.05 (8.20) | 158.16 (57.76) | 111.02 (9.19) | 107.40 (9.62) | 103.92 (8.91) |
Follow-up time (years) since diabetes diagnosis (mean(SD))a | 20.17 (5.31) | 20.98 (4.77) | 17.98 (6.31) | 16.79 (5.26) | 14.18 (4.97) | 11.94 (4.03) |
Incident CHD during follow-up | 1446 (16.70%) | 1049 (14.49%) | 187 (34.89%) | 88 (23.47%) | 61 (23.46%) | 61 (24.60%) |