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Table 2 Cardiac sarcolemmal composition changes in models of T1DM

From: Myocyte membrane and microdomain modifications in diabetes: determinants of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection

Sample

Chol

FFA

TRI

Phospholipid

Saturated FAs

Unsaturated FAs

Ref.

Heart

  

⇑

⇔ ∑PL

  

[191]

Ventricle

 

⇑

⇑

   

[192]

Ventricle

   

⇑ LPC

⇓ PE, CL

⇔ PI, PS

  

[196]

Heart

     

⇓ 20:4, 22:4, 22:5

⇑ 18:2, 20:3, 20:5

[197]

Heart

  

⇑

⇔ PC

⇔ PE

(PC) ⇓16:0 ⇑18:0

(PC) ⇓ 20:4, ⇑ 18:2

(PE) ⇓ 20:4

[193]

Heart

    

(PE) ⇓ 18:0

(PC) ⇓ 16:0

⇓ 22:4 (PE)

[201]

Heart

   

⇔ CGP

⇔ EGP

(CGP) ⇓ 16:0

(CGP) ⇓ 20:4, ⇑ 18:2

(EGP) ⇑ 18:2

[200]

Ventricle

   

⇑ EGP

(CGP, EGP) ⇓ 16:0

(EGP) ⇓ 18:0

(CGP, EGP)

⇓ 22:6, 20:4

⇑ 18:2

[360]

Heart

   

⇑ EGP, PME, PI

(EGP) ⇑ 18:0, 16:0

(TRI, NEFA) ⇑ 16:0

(EGP) ⇑ 18:2

(TRI) ⇑ 18:1, ⇓ 18:2

[202]

Sarcol-emma

⇑

  

⇑ ∑PL, CGP, EGP, SGP

⇓ SM

(PC) ⇑ 16:0

(PMC) ⇑ 18:0

(PE) ⇓ 16:0

(PME) ⇓ 18:0, ⇑ 16:0

(PS) ⇑ 16:0, ⇓ 18:0

(PC) ⇓ 20:4, ⇑ 18:2, 18:3

(PMC) ⇑ 18:2, ⇓ 20:4

(PE) ⇓ 20:4

(PME) ⇑ 18:2, ⇓ 20:4

(PS) ⇓ 22:6, 20:4, ⇑ C18:1

[199]

Heart

⇑

⇑

⇑

⇑ ∑PL

  

[194]

Heart

⇑

⇑

⇑

⇑ PE, SM, LPL

⇓ PC, PI + PS

⇑ ∑Sat FA

⇓ ∑Unsat FA, ⇓ ∑n − 3, ⇓ ∑n − 6

[195]

  1. Changes (up or down) in levels of myocardial or sarcolemmal lipids in models of T1DM are summarized. Sarcolemmal lipid changes are not well defined in models of T2DM. Changes in specific saturated and unsaturated fatty acids species are indicated, with shortened numerical descriptions reflecting numbers of carbons and double bonds (e.g. palmitic acid, 16:0; stearic acid, 18:0; linoleic acid, 18:2; docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6)
  2. CGP choline glycerophospholipids, EGP ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, IGP inositol glycerophospholipids, Chol cholesterol, CL cardiolipin, FAs fatty acids, FFA free fatty acid, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, LPL lysophospholipid, NEFA non-esterified fatty acid, PC phosphatidylcholine, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, PI phosphatidylinositol, PL phospholipid, PMC plasmenylcholine, PME plasmenylethanolamine, PS phosphatidylserine, SGP serine glycerophospholipids, SM sphingomyelin, TRI triglyceride