Myocyte membrane and microdomain modifications in diabetes: determinants of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection

Table 1 Changes in myocardial ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection in animal models of DM

Species—model	Duration or age	Ischemic tolerance	Effect on cardioprotection	Ref.
Type 1 DM
Mouse—STZ	1 week	⇓	⇓ RPostC	[109]
	2 week	⇔	⇓ IPostC	[134]
	4–5 week	⇔	⇓ IPostC, ⇓ ACE inhibition	[108]
Rat—STZ	1 week	⇑	⇓ HOPreC	[113]
	2 week	⇑	⇔ IPreC	[116]
	2 week	⇔	⇓ Opioid	[107]
	2 week	⇔	⇓ Opioid	[112]
	2 week	⇔	⇓ Opioid	[298]
	2 week	⇓	⇓ Sevoflurane	[106]
	4 week	⇔	⇓ Erythropoietin	[13]
	4 week	⇓	⇓ APN, ⇓ IPostC	[135]
	4–5 week	⇓	⇓ IPostC, ⇓ Sevoflurane	[104]
	6 week	⇓	⇓ IPreC	[133]
	6 week	⇔	⇓ IPreC	[110]
	8 week	⇓	⇓ IPostC	[99]
	8 week	⇓	⇓ APN, ⇓ IPostC	[135]
	8 week	⇓	⇓ IPreC	[116]
	8 week	⇓	⇓ Adenosine	[90]
	9 week	⇔	⇓ Sevoflurane	[111]
	12 week	⇓	⇓ IPostC	[121]
	Unreported	⇔	⇓ Opioid	[103]
Dog—alloxan/STZ	3 week	⇔	⇓ Isoflurane	[101]
Dog—alloxan/STZ	3 week	⇔	⇓ IPreC	[130]
Rabbit—alloxan	5–6 week	⇔	⇓ LPreC	[102]
TYPE 2 DM
Mouse—HFD	8 week	⇓	⇓APN	[151]
Mouse—HFD	12 week	⇓	⇓β₃-AR	[146]
Mouse—ob/ob	8–10 week old	⇓	⇓IPreC	[142]
Mouse—db/db	10–12 week old	⇓	⇓IPostC	[145]
	12–14 week old	⇔	⇓IPostC	[134]
	Unreported	⇔	⇔Infra-red light	[126]
	12 week old	Not tested	⇔H₂S PreC	[155]
Rat—STZ/HFD	6 week	⇔	⇔S1P	[87]
Rat—HFD	4 week	⇔	⇔Erythropoietin	[13]
Rat—HFD	8 week	⇑	⇓Sevoflurane	[496]
Rat—ZDF	12 week old	⇔	⇔Glutamate	[154]
Rat—ZDF	16 week old	⇑	⇓IPreC	[91]
Rat—ZO	10–12 week old	⇓	⇓IPreC, ⇓Diazoxide, ⇓HePreC	[141]
Rat—GK	12 week old	⇔	⇓PPAR	[150]
Rat—OLETF	25–30 week old	⇓	⇓Erythropoietin	[132]
Rat—mtFHH	12–14 week old	⇔	⇓Isoflurane	[149]

HFD high fat diet, ZDF Zucker diabetic fatty, ZO Zucker obese, GK Goto-Kakizaki, OLETF Otsuka Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty, mtFHH T2D crossbreed with mtDNA from fawn hooded hypertensive rats, IPreC ischaemic preconditioning, IPostC ischaemic postconditioning, HOPreC hyperoxic preconditioning, HePreC helium preconditioning, LPreC ischaemic late preconditioning, RPreC remote preconditioning, S1P sphingosine-1-phosphate, APN adiponectin, β ₃ -AR β₃-adrenergic receptor, w weeks

ISSN: 1475-2840